Interactive deciphering electron-shuttling characteristics of agricultural wastes with potential bioenergy-steered anti-COVID-19 activity via microbial fuel cells

Deciphering Houttuynia cordata extract as electron shuttles with anti-COVID-19 activity and its performance in microbial fuel cells

“…According to Tsai et al. [5] , the AUC value may not be regarded as the only screening factor, as the herbal extract may be not completely converted as appropriate electrochemical energy type(s) of biomass on the same basis. That is, the results may be influenced by the interference of various factors.…”

“…As Tsai et al. [5] pointed out, if the PD can be amplified more than 2-fold, herbal extracts may possess antiviral activity, especially for herbs containing ortho- positioned dihydroxyl compounds, flavonoids which are crucial compositions to stimulate conversion of bioenergy into electric energy. In fact, glucose can be effectively converted into electrical energy and the continuous existence of sugar in the extract is beneficial to “electrochemical catalysis” and/or electro-oxidation of flavonoids [ 46 , 47 ].…”

“…This presumption is known from the CV figure, where the potential of flavonoid glycosides will be higher than that of flavonoids and phenolic acids, and the potential of the second oxidation peak is indeed gradually attenuating [ 38 , 61 ]. Flavonoids have been confirmed in several studies as good ESs and a recent study showed that the presence of flavonoid glycosides can accelerate the oxidation of phenolic substances to form quinones which can generate nucleophilic resonance through chemical structures [ 5 , 20 , 38 , 47 ]. Quinones formed via flavonoids oxidation can be effectively reduced [58] .…”

“…In fact, as Tsai et al. [5] pointed out, due to sustainable capabilities to effectively resist COVID-19, these “antioxidants” were found to be electron shuttles (ESs) with electrochemical catalysis. Hence, H. cordata will serve as a potential candidate for sources of natural ESs strongly related to power generation [6] .…”

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Effects of Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. Flower Extracts

“…Phenolic compounds are a large family of hydroxyl-containing aromatic organic compounds bearing at least one benzene ring specifically flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, coumarins, and lignans [15]. The number of hydroxyl groups attached to the aromatic ring directs the antioxidative capacities of phenolics [16]. In fact, phenolics exhibit relevant physiological activities including antiinflammation [15,17] and inhibition of regulatory and metabolic enzymes associated with the development of human diseases [15,17].…”