“…Most animals do not have the means to communicate effectively with humans using any sort of vocal language and so the default means for understanding them is often the use of physiological and behavioural measurements and observations. With dogs, feedback on interfaces and interactive products has come from eye movements (Somppi, 2012), head gestures (Valentin et al, 2015, Hirskyj-Douglas andRead, 2014), nose reactions (Johnston-Wilder et al, 2015), mouth reactions (Robinson, 2014a(Robinson, , 2014b, heart and respiration rates (Mealin et al, 2015), cortisol levels (Rehn and Keeling, 2011;Geurtsen et al, 2015) and general posture analysis (Aspling et al, 2015), often via biotelemetry devices (Paci et al, 2016). Using these behaviours and actions as a form of communication, interfaces have been developed that allow dogs to react to stimuli from interactive tablet devices and use haptic technology (Moore Jackson et al 2013;Byrne et al, 2016).…”