Interactive effect of ammonium polyphosphate and montmorillonite on enhancing flame retardancy of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites

Bee, Soo‐Tueen; Lim, Kien-Sin; Sin, Lee Tin; Ratnam, Chantara Thevy; Bee, Soo Ling; Rahmat, Abdul Razak

doi:10.1007/s13726-018-0664-z

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It can be seen from the above combustion experiment phenomenon that the MAG hybrid membranes with the "interpenetrating petals" layered structure had a certain fire-retardant performance, and the addition of KH550 could improve the fire-retardant performance of the hybrid membranes [43]. This can be understood from the following three reasons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Nacre-Like Bio-Hybrid Membranes with Inter-Penetrating Petal Structure Based on Magadiite

Wang

et al. 2019

Materials

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Rigid biological systems are increasingly becoming a source of inspiration for the fabrication of the advanced functional materials due to their diverse hierarchical structures and remarkable engineering properties. As a bionic biomaterial with a clear layered structure, excellent mechanical properties, and interesting rainbow colors, nacre has become one of the most attractive models for novel artificial materials design. In this research paper, the tough and strong nacre-like bio-hybrid membranes with an interpenetrating petals structure were fabricated from chitosan (CS) and magadiite (MAG) clay nanosheets through the gel-casting self-assembling method. The analyses from X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and observations of water droplets on membranes indicated that the nacre-like hybrid membranes had a layered compact structure. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses suggested that the CS molecular chains formed chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds with MAG layers. The inter-penetrating petal layered structure had a good effect on the mechanical properties of a nacre-like bio-hybrid membranes and the tensile strength of the hybrid membranes could reach at 78.6 MPa. However, the transmission analyses of the results showed that the hybrid membranes still had a certain visible light transmittance. Finally, the hybrid membranes possessed an intriguing efficient fire-shielding property during exposure to the flame of alcohol burner. Consequently, the great biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties of the bio-hybrid membranes with the special interpenetrating petals structure provides a great opportunity for these composites to be widely applied in biomaterial research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be understood from the following three reasons. First, the MAG inorganic layers in the "interpenetrating petals" layered structure could form lots of dense fire-retardant layers, which could hinder the flame and gas diffuser [43]. Therefore, it could protect the CS molecular chains in the hybrid membranes because of the lack of oxygen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Nacre-Like Bio-Hybrid Membranes with Inter-Penetrating Petal Structure Based on Magadiite

Wang

et al. 2019

Materials

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“…Among the flame-retardant additives, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) captures attention as well, as it has a high flame-retardant efficiency and does not produce any other pollutants. 169,170 Huang et al loaded 0.8 wt % microencapsulated APP in PVA/CNF composite aerogel and observed a rise in the char residue and a lot of improvement in char's integrity after combustion. 171 This was attributed to phosphorylation and dehydration of APP particles which probably could have promoted the formation of carbonaceous char.…”

Section: Flame-retardant Nc Aerogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above factors such as dynamic heat transfer and thermo-physical properties of the char layer were the main factors on which the improvement in fire safety performance depends. Among the flame-retardant additives, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) captures attention as well, as it has a high flame-retardant efficiency and does not produce any other pollutants. , Huang et al . loaded 0.8 wt % microencapsulated APP in PVA/CNF composite aerogel and observed a rise in the char residue and a lot of improvement in char’s integrity after combustion .…”

Section: Flame-retardant Nc Aerogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Nanocellulose-Based Aerogels in Thermal Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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Naturally derived nanocellulose (NC) is a renewable, biodegradable nanomaterial with high strength, low density, high surface area, and tunable surface chemistry, which allows its interaction with other polymers and nanomaterials in a controlled manner. In recent years, NC aerogel has gathered a lot of attention due to environmental concerns. This review presents recent developments of NC-based aerogels and their controlled interactions with other polymers and nanomaterials for thermal applications that include electronic devices, the apparel industry, superinsulating materials, and flame-retardant smart building materials. After going through the distinctive properties of NC aerogels, they are orderly categorized and discussed as thermally insulated, thermally conductive, and flame-retardant materials.

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“…A dense and integrated char layer formed on the surface of the composite material can act as a physical barrier to decrease heat and mass transfer, thereby reducing the flammability of the composite. During combus-tion, PVA/H 3 BO 3 decomposes into carbon [32]. Moreover, APP-CS also decomposes into carbon because APP decomposes into polyphosphoric acid, which catalyzes the dehydration reaction between the -OH groups of APP and -the NH 2 groups of CS.…”

Section: Combustion Behaviors Of the Pva Composite Aerogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Thermal Insulation and Flame-Retardant Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Aerogels Composited with Ammonium Polyphosphate and Chitosan

Luo

et al. 2021

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Polyvinyl alcohol- (PVA-) based aerogels have attracted widespread attention owing to their low cost, eco-friendliness, and low density. However, the applications of PVA-based aerogels are limited by their flammability. In this study, a flame retardant, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and a biopolymer, chitosan (CS), were added to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the polymer was further crosslinked using boric acid (H3BO3). In the PVA aerogels, the negatively charged APP and positively charged CS formed a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) through ionic interaction. Cone calorimetry and vertical burning tests (UL-94) indicated that the PVA composite aerogels have excellent flame retardancy; they could decrease the heat release rate, total heat release rate, and carbon dioxide (CO2) generation. Both PVA/H3BO3 and APP-CS in the composite aerogel could be burned to carbon, and the foamed char layer could act together to impart the PVA composite aerogels with good flame retardancy. Further, the decrease in the temperature at the backside of the aerogels with increasing APP-CS content, as determined by the flame-spraying experiment, indicated that the PVA-based aerogels with APP-CS can also serve as thermal insulation materials. This work provides an effective and promising method for the preparation of PVA-based aerogels with good flame retardancy and thermal insulation property for construction materials.

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Interactive effect of ammonium polyphosphate and montmorillonite on enhancing flame retardancy of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Nacre-Like Bio-Hybrid Membranes with Inter-Penetrating Petal Structure Based on Magadiite

Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Nacre-Like Bio-Hybrid Membranes with Inter-Penetrating Petal Structure Based on Magadiite

Recent Developments in Nanocellulose-Based Aerogels in Thermal Applications: A Review

Enhanced Thermal Insulation and Flame-Retardant Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Aerogels Composited with Ammonium Polyphosphate and Chitosan

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