Interactive Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Olive Solid Waste on Wheat under Arsenite Toxicity

Abstract

Heavy metal such as arsenite (AsIII) is a threat worldwide. Thus, to mitigate AsIII toxicity on plants, we investigated the interactive effect of olive solid waste (OSW) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on wheat plants under AsIII stress. To this end, wheat seeds were grown in soils treated with OSW (4% w/w), AMF-inoculation, and/or AsIII treated soil (100 mg/kg soil). AMF colonization is reduced by AsIII but to a lesser extent under AsIII + OSW. AMF and OSW interactive effects also improved soil fertility and increased wheat plants’ growth, particularly under AsIII stress. The interactions between OSW and AMF treatments reduced AsIII-induced H2O2 accumulation. Less H2O2 production consequently reduced AsIII-related oxidative damages i.e., lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) (58%), compared to As stress. This can be explained by the increase in wheat’s antioxidant defense system. OSW and AMF increased total antioxidant content, phenol, flavonoids, and α-tocopherol by approximately 34%, 63%, 118%, 232%, and 93%, respectively, compared to As stress. The combined effect also significantly induced anthocyanins accumulation. The combination of OSW+AMF improved antioxidants enzymes activity, where superoxide dismutase (SOD, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were increased by 98%, 121%, 105%, 129%, and 110.29%, respectively, compared to AsIII stress. This can be explained by induced anthocyanin percussors phenylalanine, cinamic acid and naringenin, and biosynthesic enzymes (phenylalanine aminolayse (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS)). Overall, this study suggested the effectiveness of OSW and AMF as a promising approach to mitigate AsIII toxicity on wheat growth, physiology, and biochemistry.

Galaxolide-contaminated soil and tolerance strategies in soybean plants using biofertilization and selenium nanoparticle supplementation

“…Moreover, the accumulation of these oxidative markers showed an apparent decline tendency in response to biofertilization/ supplementation treatments in contaminated soil, especially in PGPB-treated plants. The findings observed in this study somehow mirror those of the previous studies that have documented the positive effects of PGPB and Se in declining the concentration of oxidative markers in plants when exposed to the contaminations like galaxolide and heavy metals (Zhang et al, 2019;Madnay et al, 2022;Albqmi et al, 2023a). A possible explanation…”

“…Accordingly, soil applications of Se-containing fertilizers are recommended to keep the Se level above the deficiency threshold limit in soil and consequently improve Se levels in crops, especially those included in the diets of humans and animals (Duborskáet al, 2022). Nevertheless, providing Se with conventional chemical fertilizers (e.g., Na 2 SeO 4 , K 2 SeO 4 , and BaSeO 4 ) became a traditional concern in environmental safety because of the high availability and mobility of Se (Rosenfeld et al, 2017;Albqmi et al, 2023a). This matter conducted studies in presenting and examining a further complex of Se supplements called Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) with greatly higher efficiency and lower toxicity (Liu et al, 2021).…”

Combined Effect of Biological and Organic Fertilizers on Agrobiochemical Traits of Corn (Zea mays L.) under Wastewater Irrigation

“…Based on the results, by expanding the root uptake area, AMF increases the total absorption area in inoculated plants, thereby improving the plant's access to nutrients, especially those whose ions are lowly mobile or those that occur in the soil solution at low concentrations, as supported by Smith and Read [56]. It has been stated that inoculation with AMF positively affects plant growth traits [57]. Mycorrhiza symbiosis reportedly improves plant growth, root biomass, and shoot nutrient uptake, chlorophyll, carotene, protein and sugar contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities, when exposed to potentially toxic elements [58,59], which agrees with our findings.…”

Alleviating the drought stress and improving the plant resistance properties of Triticum aestivum via biopriming with aspergillus fumigatus

“…Stress-tolerant/resistant species are those that can maintain both total flavonoids and phenolics. These include a variety of activities in defense and signaling between plants and microbes, as well as responsibilities in controlling plant development, pigmentation, and UV protection [ 51 ]. Drought alleviation is done through foliar ascorbic acid administration, which influences stomatal closure, nutrient intake, total chlorophyll content, protein synthesis, transpiration, blooming, and photosynthesis.…”