Interactive Effect of Dietary Heat-Killed Lactobacillus Plantarum L-137 and Berberine Supplementation on Intestinal Mucosa and Microbiota of Juvenile Black Sea Bream (Acanthopagrus Schlegelii)

Local and Systemic Effects of Bioactive Food Ingredients: Is There a Role for Functional Foods to Prime the Gut for Resilience?

“…Heat-inactivated L. reuteri 100-23 was shown to stimulate an immunoregulatory response in mice, which suppresses immune responses directed against it in the bowel, thus enabling the bacteria to persist in the gut and maintain a commensalistic relationship with the host [ 150 ]. HI L. planetarium L-137 supplementation in fish modulates their intestinal morphology (i.e., increased villus height, villus surface area, and muscularis mucosae) and increases the relative Bacteroidota , Delftia , Brevinema, and Elizabethkingia abundances in the gut microbiota [ 151 , 152 ]. In humans, one uncontrolled study supplementing HI L. planetarium L-137 for 12 months showed an increased relative abundance of gut microbial Bacteroidota and a reduced abundance of Bacillota and Clostridium sub-cluster XIVa compared to the baseline [ 153 ].…”