Interactive effects of an isocaloric high‐protein diet and resistance exercise on body composition, ghrelin, and metabolic and hormonal parameters in untrained young men: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Aims/Introduction: The interactive effects of resistance training and dietary protein on hormonal responses in adults are not clear and remain controversial. We tested the effect of an isocaloric high-protein diet on body composition, ghrelin, and metabolic and hormonal parameters during a 12-week resistance training program in untrained healthy young men. Material and Methods: We randomized 18 healthy young men to a standard diet (ST group) or an isocaloric high protein diet (HP group). Both groups participated in a 12-week resistance exercise program. We measured body composition, lipid profile, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indices, total ghrelin, and exerciserelated hormones at baseline and 12 weeks. Results: In the HP group, lean body mass (LBM), total ghrelin, growth hormone, testosterone and cortisol levels showed an increase, whereas body fat percentage and HOMA-IR showed a decrease at 12 weeks, compared with baseline (P ≤ 0.05). In the ST group, no changes in these parameters were observed during the 12-week period. During the 12-week period, significant differences in the pattern of change of LBM (P = 0.032), total ghrelin (P = 0.037), HOMA-IR (P = 0.040) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.011) over time were observed between the groups. Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that an isocaloric high-protein diet can ameliorate body composition, metabolic profiles and energy metabolism during a 12-week scheduled resistance training program in untrained healthy young men. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (no. NCT01714700).

Strategic Ingestion of High-Protein Dairy Milk during a Resistance Training Program Increases Lean Mass, Strength, and Power in Trained Young Males

“…The stimulation of exercise-induced GH could lead to an enhancement of IGF-1 [ 39 ], supporting our findings. In addition, in the present research, there was a significant elevation in testosterone in the high-protein dairy milk ingestion group, which may be mediated by post-exercise and pre-sleep high-protein dairy milk ingestion [ 40 ]. Potential mechanisms for training-induced changes in lean mass for both groups might be related to changes in endocrine hormones, as we showed negative relationships between cortisol and myostatin with Δ lean mass; while there were positive relationships for this variable with GH, testosterone, IGF-1, and follistatin concentrations.…”

Comparative effects of different dietary approaches on blood pressure in hypertensive and pre-hypertensive patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

“…Figure 1 shows the network diagram of direct comparison for SBP with the number of studies reflected by the size of the edges, and the number of patients reflected by the size of the nodes. The comparisons with the largest amount of trials include: HP vs. LF (Brinkworth et al 2004a;Brinkworth et al 2004b;Campbell and Meckling 2012;Dalle Grave et al 2013;Dansinger et al 2005;Delbridge et al 2009;Kim et al 2014;Krebs et al 2012;Luger et al 2013;Tang et al 2013;Watson et al 2016;Wycherley et al 2010) (n D 12), low-sodium vs. control (Alli et al 1992;Chalmers et al 1986;Costa et al 1981;Dodson et al 1989;Erwteman et al 1984;Jula and Karanko 1994;Makela et al 2008;Silman et al 1983;Whelton 1997;Whelton et al 1998) (n D 10), LF vs. control (Anderssen et al 1995;Andrews et al 2011;Ard et al 2016;Coppell et al 2010;Gordon, Scott, and Levine 1997;Heilbronn, Noakes, and Clifton 1999;Rock et al 2014;Uusitupa et al 1993;Watkins et al 2003) (n D 9), and LC vs. LF dietary approaches (Daly et al 2006;Guldbrand et al 2012;Iqbal et al 2010;Liu et al 2013;Stern et al 2004;Tay et al 2008;…”

“…References of the 67 trials included in the present network meta-analysis. Alli et al 1992;Anderssen et al 1995;Andrews et al 2011;Appel et al 2003;Ard et al 2016;Azadbakht et al 2005;Blumenthal et al 2010;Brehm et al 2009;Brinkworth et al 2004a;Brinkworth et al 2004b;Campbell and Meckling 2012;Chalmers et al 1986;Clifton et al 2004;Coppell et al 2010;Costa et al 1981;Dalle Grave et al 2013;Daly et al 2006;Dansinger et al 2005;Delbridge et al 2009;Deluis et al 2010;Dodson et al 1989;Edwards et al 2011;Erwteman et al 1984;Esposito et al 2009;Esposito et al 2004;Frisch et al 2009;Gordon, Scott, and Levine 1997;Guldbrand et al 2012;Heilbronn, Noakes, and Clifton 1999;Iqbal et al 2010;Itsiopoulos et al 2011;Jonsson et al 2009;Jula and Karanko 1994;Kim et al 2014;Kirpizidis, Stavrati, and Geleris 2005;Klemsdal et al 2010;Krebs et al 2012;Lean et al 1997;Lima et al 2013;Liu et al 2013;Luger et al 2013;…”

Higher Total Protein Intake and Change in Total Protein Intake Affect Body Composition but Not Metabolic Syndrome Indexes in Middle-Aged Overweight and Obese Adults Who Perform Resistance and Aerobic Exercise for 36 Weeks

“…Exercise training is a potent stimulator of muscle protein synthesis and promotes muscle hypertrophy (6,8) and decreased fat mass (FM) (9,10), especially when combined with higher dietary protein or essential amino acid intakes. Consumption of whey protein supplements within the context of normal eating patterns (11)(12)(13) can be an effective way to increase total protein intake (TPro), but results from investigations that examine the impact of whey protein supplementation (12)(13)(14) and TPro (15)(16)(17) on exercise training-induced changes in BC are equivocal.…”