Interactive Effects of Nitrogen and Row Spacing on Growth and Yield of Cotton Varieties

Abstract

Response of different cultivars of cotton namely Sahel, N200 and Shirpan539 to different levels of row spacing 40 cmx 20 cm and 80 cm x 20 cm and 0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha^-1nitrogen fertilizer was studied at Gharakhil Agricultural research Station, North of Iran in 2010. Different row spacing influenced height and number of boll and different nitrogen levels significantly influenced yield and yield components of cotton. Application of 150 kg.ha^-1 nitrogen fertilizer produced maximum yield, number of boll and maturity coefficient as compared to another nitrogen rates. In level of 225 kg.ha^-1 nitrogen fertilizer we observed maximum height, number of node, weight of boll and number of sympodial branch as compared to the another nitrogen rates. The varieties N200 and Sahel provided maximum yield as compared to Shirpan539

Radiation, water, and nitrogen use efficiencies of Gossypium hirsutum L.

“…In Pakistan, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a widely cultivated fiber crop with limited available resources, namely selection of low-graded cultivars, imbalanced nutrient application, inadequate irrigation water supply, and so on, which contributes towards lower per capita yield production (Bibi et al, 2011;. Among the different resources, nitrogen is an important plant nutrient required in larger quantities by the cotton crop to enhance its productivity (Hallikeri et al, 2010;Ibrahim et al, 2010;Rashidi et al, 2011, Alitabar et al, 2012. Nitrogen nutrition plays a significant role in recording greater radiation use efficiency for total dry matter as well as for seed cotton yield (Wajid et al, 2010;Iqbal et al, 2012).…”

Review: Nitrogen Utilization Features in Cotton Crop

“…Soomro and Waring (1987) [31] reported significant differences in plant height with different levels of N application, as a result of inter-node elongation rather than increases in main stem node number. Ramzan et al (2013) [28] indicated that maximum number of node (15.29) was recorded N rate of 225 kg•ha −1 which were statistically different with 0 and 75 kg•ha −1 nitrogen fertilizer rates, as well Clawson, et al (2006) [32] also reported that main stem nodes•plant −1 was significantly increased with higher N rates. In the other hand Emara and El-Gammaal (2012) [24] showed that the inter-node length average values were insignificantly affected by nitrogen fertilizer levels 0 -60 kg/fed (0 -140 kg•ha −1 ).…”

“…But the primary detriment is when surplus N encourages excessive vegetative growth, resulting in poor boll set caused by vegetative shading and insect attractiveness, and lodging, late maturity and difficulty in defoliation [25]- [27]. Ramzan et al (2013) [28] found that application of 250 kg•ha −1 nitrogen fertilizer produced the tallest plants (84.88 cm). Hallikeri et al (2010) [29] showed that cotton height was significantly affected by application of N levels, as taller plants were observed with N up to 120 kg•ha −1 .…”

“…Nelson (1949) [53] and Sawan et al (1988) [54] showed that cotton yield and cottonseed N concentration increased linearly with increasing N fertilizer rates. Saleem et al (2010) [43] showed that the maximum seed cotton yield per plant, and seed cotton yield kg/ha were (69.3 g, 3002.4 kg) respectively recorded when nitrogen was applied at the rate of 120 kg•ha [28] found that application of 225 kg•ha −1 nitrogen fertilizer produced the maximum yield (1731.06 kg), the highest number of bolls per plant (5.61), while the maximum boll weight observed in 150 kg•N•ha −1 (9.18 g). Setatou and Simonis (1996) [36] studied the effect of time of nitrogen application on cotton yield as they applied different nitrogen rate at three different time before sowing, when the plants had 3 -4 leaves and 20 days later, they found that the split application of N fertilizers, compared to a single pre-sowing application did not differ, however split applications increased yields in some experiments, but only at high rates of applied N fertilizer.…”

“…Increasing of the canopy's size leads to increase the total photosynthesis area and form bigger source for nutrients that increase the size and weight of the bolls and seed [40]- [43]. Ramzan et al (2013) [28] reported that the maximum number of sympodial branches plant −1 (7.51) was recorded in 225 kg•ha −1 nitrogen fertilizer and control (0 kg•ha −1 ), while Kumbhar et al (2008) [30] reported that the highest number was observed at 150 kg•N•ha −1 treatment. Emara and El-Gammaal (2012) [30] found that increasing nitrogen rate up to 60 kg N/fed (140 kg•ha −1 ) increased No.…”