“…Many small (N<50) longitudinal studies have observed main effects of the cycle on symptom severity in various mental disorders, suggesting the likelihood that females diagnosed with those disorders are similarly at risk for (though not necessarily suffering from) PME. These disorders include bulimia nervosa (Edler, Lipson, & Keel, 2007), borderline personality disorder (Eisenlohr-Moul, DeWall, Girdler, & Segerstrom, 2015; Eisenlohr-Moul et al, 2018)), obsessive-compulsive disorder (Vulink, Denys, Bus, & Westenberg, 2006), bipolar disorder (Dias et al, 2011;Teatero, Mazmanian, & Sharma, 2014), schizophrenia (Seeman, 2012), substance abuse (Martel et al, 2017), and post-traumatic stress disorder (Nillni et al, 2015). Of note, a longitudinal study in bipolar disorder demonstrated that patients with PME of bipolar (vs. those females with bipolar without PME) suffered a more severe and chronic course of illness (Dias et al, 2011).…”