Interactive Effects of Subsidiary Crops and Weed Pressure in the Transition Period to Non-Inversion Tillage, A Case Study of Six Sites Across Northern and Central Europe

Reimer, Marie; Ringselle, Björn; Bergkvist, Göran; Westaway, Sally; Wittwer, Raphaël; Baresel, Jörg Peter; Heijden, Marcel G. A. van der; Mangerud, Kjell; Finckh, Maria R.; Brandsæter, Lars Olav

doi:10.3390/agronomy9090495

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Similar to our results, Rüegg et al (1998) found no differences in the number of maize plants per square meter between a freeze-killed CC mixture and a winter-hardy rye CC. Reimer et al (2019) tested the effect of CC on weed pressure in a non-inversion tillage system at six sites throughout northern and central Europe. The CCs could contribute to weed control but could not fully compensate for reduced weed control of non-inversion tillage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter-hardy vs. freeze-killed cover crop mixtures before maize in an organic farming system with reduced soil cultivation

2020

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The advantages and disadvantages of a winter-hardy vs. a freeze-killed cover crop mixture combined with reduced soil cultivation to a following maize crop were studied on an organic farm in Lower Austria in two consecutive experiments. Effects on soil inorganic nitrogen contents, weed density and the yield of a following maize crop were assessed. The winter-hardy compared with freeze-killed cover crop mixture, both consisting of legumes and non-legumes, reduced soil inorganic nitrogen contents over winter, leading to a reduced nitrate leaching risk, whereas the yield of a following grain maize crop was not significantly affected. Weed density was high in both cover crop treatments, presumably due to the continued reduced, noninverting soil cultivation on the farm, and higher in the winter-hardy cover crop treatment at one of the assessment dates. Combined with an adapted soil cultivation, both the winter-hardy and the freeze-killed cover crop mixture were suitable before grain maize in this organic farming system with non-inverting soil cultivation under moderately dry site conditions, but the winter-hardy cover crop mixture seems advantageous because it reduces the nitrate leaching risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter-hardy vs. freeze-killed cover crop mixtures before maize in an organic farming system with reduced soil cultivation

2020

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“…As mentioned before, CCs can be introduced into plant production systems as living mulch by sowing into the main crop, or as dead mulch, i.e., sowing the CCs after the main crop harvest and terminating their growth before cultivation of the secondary main crop, by plowing under, crushing or treating with glyphosate. In this case the successive plant is sown directly into the mulch [57]. The use of CCs for weed control is particularly important in no-till systems [119].…”

Section: Effect Of Legume Ccs Cultivation Systems On Weed Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legume Cover Crops as One of the Elements of Strategic Weed Management and Soil Quality Improvement. A Review

et al. 2020

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The benefits of conservation practices increased the interest of farmers in the cultivation of cover crops (CCs). This review aims to present and analyze the state of the art on the cultivation of legume CCs, including their importance in protecting crops against weeds, as well as their effects on organic matter and nitrogen content in the soil, physical and biological properties of the soil, and its erosion. The multi-purpose character of legume CCs is visible in their positive effect on reducing weed infestation, but also on the soil: reducing its compaction and erosion, improving its structural and hydraulic properties, increasing the content of organic matter and activity of soil microorganisms, or increasing its nitrogen content due to symbiotic N2 fixing. This review demonstrates that a wider use of legume CCs in organic farming is needed. The benefits of legume CCs for successive crops in these cultivation conditions, both in terms of inhibiting weed populations and improving fertility and soil properties, also need to be identified. Further research is also needed to determine the potential impact of legume CCs on the improvement of the quality of degraded soils, or those with less favorable physicochemical properties.

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“…This may be due to the lower weed pressure in these systems than in the SC system. In a study by Reimer et al (2019), the weed-suppressing effect of cover crops decreased with increasing weed pressure.…”

Section: Late Stage Of Cover Crop-weed Covermentioning

confidence: 95%

Varying tillage promotes weed diversity, while a perennial alfalfa–grass mixture promotes weed control in an organic tillage system experiment in Germany

Grosse

Haase

Heß

2021

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

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In organic farming the control of perennial weed species, in particular Cirsium arvense, can be a major concern for farmers, especially if there is no regulation through perennial forage production. To test whether the stubble cleaner (SC), an enhanced skim plow (PL), is as effective in the control of C. arvense and other weeds as conventional ploughing and perennial forage production, an organic field experiment was established. Three different tillage/crop rotation systems were compared: an SC system and a PL system, both in a cereal-based crop rotation and an additional PL system in a crop rotation that included a perennial alfalfa–grass mixture (PLALF). In the SC system, tillage was carried out solely with the SC, while in the PL and PLALF systems, ploughing was alternated with chiseling. In the fifth year, each main plot was divided into subplots, and seven different cover crop treatments were integrated into each of the three systems. The effects of the three systems and the cover crop treatments on weed cover and density, weed biomass, and weed diversity in the sixth and seventh year of the experiment are the subjects of this paper. The choice of cover crop species was of minor importance for weed control. The PLALF system was generally more effective in controlling C. arvense than the PL and SC systems. No significant differences between the PL and SC systems regarding the control of C. arvense could be identified in four of five assessments. The SC system had significantly higher total weed density than the PLALF and PL systems in both years. However, the differences in weed emergence between the PL and SC systems diminished until the assessment of weed cover and biomass in the main crops, when no significant differences between these two systems (2012) or no differences at all (2013) could be identified. Species richness was not significantly influenced by the tillage/crop rotation system in both years. Evenness and Shannon–Wiener index were significantly higher in the PLALF and PL systems than in the SC system on most assessment dates in 2012. In 2013 there was no clear trend regarding evenness and Shannon-Wiener index probably due to a hoeing operation.. In conclusion, for weed control, the choice of crop rotation was more important than the choice of tillage method, while for the diversity of the weed community, the choice of tillage method was more important than the crop rotation.

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Interactive Effects of Subsidiary Crops and Weed Pressure in the Transition Period to Non-Inversion Tillage, A Case Study of Six Sites Across Northern and Central Europe

Cited by 13 publications

References 65 publications

Winter-hardy vs. freeze-killed cover crop mixtures before maize in an organic farming system with reduced soil cultivation

Winter-hardy vs. freeze-killed cover crop mixtures before maize in an organic farming system with reduced soil cultivation

Legume Cover Crops as One of the Elements of Strategic Weed Management and Soil Quality Improvement. A Review

Varying tillage promotes weed diversity, while a perennial alfalfa–grass mixture promotes weed control in an organic tillage system experiment in Germany

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