Interactive Effects of Wide-Spectrum Monochromatic Lights on Phytochemical Production, Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Solanum xanthocarpum Callus Cultures

Abstract

Solanum xanthocarpum is considered an important traditional medicinal herb because of its unique antioxidant, and anti-diabetic, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory potential. Because of the over exploitation linked to its medicinal properties as well as destruction of its natural habitat, S. xanthocarpum is now becoming endangered and its supply is limited. Plant in vitro culture and elicitation are attractive alternative strategies to produce biomass and stimulate biosynthesis of medicinally important phytochemicals. Here, we investigated the potential influence of seven different monochromatic light treatments on biomass and secondary metabolites accumulation in callus culture of S. xanthocarpum as well as associated biological activities of the corresponding extracts. Among different light treatments, highest biomass accumulation was observed in white light-treated callus culture. Optimum accumulation of total flavonoid contents (TFC) and total phenolic contents (TPC) were observed in callus culture kept under continuous white and blue light respectively than control. Quantification of phytochemicals through HPLC revealed that optimum production of caffeic acid (0.57 ± 0.06 mg/g DW), methyl-caffeate (17.19 mg/g ± 1.79 DW), scopoletin (2.28 ± 0.13 mg/g DW), and esculetin (0.68 ± 0.07 mg/g DW) was observed under blue light callus cultures. Compared to the classic photoperiod condition, caffeic acid, methyl-caffeate, scopoletin, and esculetin were accumulated 1.7, 2.5, 1.1, and 1.09-folds higher, respectively. Moreover, high in vitro cell free antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory activities were closely associated with the production of these secondary metabolites. These results clearly showed the interest to apply multispectral light as elicitor of in vitro callus cultures S. xanthocarpum to promote the production of important phytochemicals, and allow us to propose this system as an alternative for the collection of this endangered species from the wild.

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Fruit Extracts of Myristica fragrans: Their Characterizations and Biological and Environmental Applications

“…ZnO-NPs’ antidiabetic activity was demonstrated using the α-glucosidase inhibition assay. 85 For dissolving α-glucosidase ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mL of phosphate buffer having pH 6.8 was supplemented with 100 mg of bovine serum albumin. The reaction mixture prepared using 10 μL of tested sample, phosphate buffer (490 μL; pH 6.8), and p -nitrophenyl α- d -glucopyranoside (5 mM; 250 μL) was kept in an incubator at 37 °C for 5 min.…”

Enrichment in Antioxidant Flavonoids of Stamen Extracts from Nymphaea lotus L. Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Macroporous Resin Adsorption

“…TFC was determined using the colorimetric aluminum trichloride (AlCl 3 ) method [36]. Mixture (200 µL) was prepared in a microplate containing 20 µL of N. lotus stamen extract, 10 µL potassium acetate 1 M, 10 µL AlCl 3 (10% (w/v)) and 160 µ of deionized water.…”

Biogenic Synthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial and Antiparasitic Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extracts of the Himalayan Columbine (Aquilegia pubiflora)

“…A total of eight compounds including four flavonoids (vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, and isoorientin) and four hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid) were detected and quantified for both aqueous leaf extract and synthesized ZnO-NPs, as shown in Figure 1. Flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids are phenolics, produced through the shikimic acid pathway and are responsible for performing various biological activities of plants (Nazir et al, 2019;Santos-Sánchez et al, 2019;Usman et al, 2020). HPLC results (Table 1) indicate the presence of higher concentrations of both flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives for leaf extract as compared to ZnO-NPs ( Table 2).…”