Interactive Graphics Simulator: Design, Development, and Effectiveness/Cost Evaluation.

Effectiveness and Cost of Interactive Videodisc Instruction in Defense Training and Education

“…Most came from studies concerned with training applications. Six of the studies involving military training reported cost ratios (Wilkinson, 1983;Cicchinelli et al, 1984;Pieper et al, 1984;Vernon, 1984;Green et al, 1986;and Winkler and Polich, in press); one of the studies (Aukerman, 1986) involving industrial training did; and one of the studies (Davis, 1985) involving higher education did. Five of the cost ratios reported are for initial investment (II), four are for operating and support costs (OS), and four for some combination of initial investment with operating and support costs.…”

“…Th-ratio of modification costs for videodisc instruction over actual equipment instruction in tiis scenario was 0.44. Pieper et al (1984) presented another study of simulation based on interactive videodisc versus actual equipment in electronic maintenance training. The ratio of single station initial investment costs for hardware was 0.02 for a videodisc-based approach over an actual equipment approach.…”

Maintenance Training Simulator Instructor Station and Student Station Design Guidelines

“…The 15-year life-cycle costs were estimated to be $5.3 million for the actual equipment, $2.1 million for the 3-D simulator, and $1.6 million for the 2-D simulator (Cicchinelli et al, 1982). In a later study, Pieper et al (1984) estimated the 15-year life-cycle cost of a videodisc trainer used for the same training purposes to be about half the cost of the 2-D simulator (i.e., approximately $800,000).…”

“…Comparisons of actual equipment trainers (AETs) with MTSs have asserted that they are comparable in training capabilities, (Pieper et al, 1984) but simulators are advantageous in that they "reduce costs, are more reliable, provide safer training, and have greater capability to insert malfunctions" (Jarvis et al, 1983).…”