Interactive Relationships between Intestinal Flora and Bile Acids

Guo, Xiaohua; Okpara, Edozie Samuel; Hu, Wanting; Yan, Chuyun; Wang, Yu; Liang, Qionglin; Chiang, John Y.L.; Han, Shuxin

doi:10.3390/ijms23158343

Cited by 69 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…SCFAs stimulate parasympathetic nervous system functions to increase food intake [ 107 ]. Products of the microbiome can also cause disturbances in bile acid circulation [ 108 ]. Microbiome dysbiosis may also stimulate chronic systemic inflammation and enhance oxidative stress, leading to insulin resistance and the development of diabetes [ 109 ] ( Figure 3 , Table 2 ).…”

Section: Oral Microbiome In Systemic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Oral Microbiome in the Development of Diseases

Kozak

Pawlik

2023

IJMS

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Periodontal disease (PD) is a complex and infectious illness that begins with a disruption of bacterial homeostasis. This disease induces a host inflammatory response, leading to damage of the soft and connective tooth-supporting tissues. Moreover, in advanced cases, it can contribute to tooth loss. The aetiological factors of PDs have been widely researched, but the pathogenesis of PD has still not been totally clarified. There are a number of factors that have an effect on the aetiology and pathogenesis of PD. It is purported that microbiological, genetic susceptibility and lifestyle can determine the development and severity of the disease. The human body’s defence response to the accumulation of plaque and its enzymes is known to be a major factor for PD. The oral cavity is colonised by a characteristic and complex microbiota that grows as diverse biofilms on all mucosal and dental surfaces. The aim of this review was to provide the latest updates in the literature regarding still-existing problems with PD and to highlight the role of the oral microbiome in periodontal health and disease. Better awareness and knowledge of the causes of dysbiosis, environmental risk factors and periodontal therapy can reduce the growing worldwide prevalence of PDs. The promotion of good oral hygiene, limiting smoking, alcohol consumption and exposure to stress and comprehensive treatment to decrease the pathogenicity of oral biofilm can help reduce PD as well as other diseases. Evidence linking disorders of the oral microbiome to various systemic diseases has increased the understanding of the importance of the oral microbiome in regulating many processes in the human body and, thus, its impact on the development of many diseases.

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Section: Oral Microbiome In Systemic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Oral Microbiome in the Development of Diseases

Kozak

Pawlik

2023

IJMS

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“…Therefore, the normal level of bile acid can stimulate the growth of bacteria through bile acid metabolic enzymes, inhibit the excessive growth of bile acid-sensitive bacteria and potential pathogens, and prevent bacterial migration, thus maintaining the dynamic balance of IM and intestinal barrier function (Guo et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IM regulates the synthesis, metabolism, and reabsorption of bile acid, while the composition of the bile acid pool regulates the diversity and dynamic balance of IM. The imbalance between them is involved in the occurrence and development of T2DM ( Guo et al, 2022 ). Bile acid can exert a direct antibacterial effect on IM by destroying bacterial cell membranes and indirectly producing antimicrobial peptides mediated by the farnesoid X receptor ( Ridlon et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bile acid can exert a direct antibacterial effect on IM by destroying bacterial cell membranes and indirectly producing antimicrobial peptides mediated by the farnesoid X receptor ( Ridlon et al, 2014 ). Therefore, the normal level of bile acid can stimulate the growth of bacteria through bile acid metabolic enzymes, inhibit the excessive growth of bile acid-sensitive bacteria and potential pathogens, and prevent bacterial migration, thus maintaining the dynamic balance of IM and intestinal barrier function ( Guo et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bear bile powder ameliorates type 2 diabetes via modulation of metabolic profiles, gut microbiota, and metabolites

et al. 2023

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Introduction: Bear bile powder (BBP) is widely used in the clinic and has a hypoglycemic effect, but its mechanism is not clear.Methods: In this study, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats induced by a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin were given BBP, and biochemical indexes, pathological sections, metabonomics, intestinal microbiota (IM) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined.Results: The results showed that BBP could reduce blood glucose, relieve inflammation, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism disorder, and alleviate tissue damage of the liver, spleen, kidney, and pancreas in T2DM rats. It is worth noting that BBP can reverse the changes in blood and urine metabolites in T2DM rats, which are mainly related to tryptophan metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, starch and sucrose metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. In addition, BBP restored IM disorder in T2DM rats, decreased the abundance of Allobaculum, Blautia, Dubosiella, and Anaerostipes, enriched the abundance of Lactobacillus, Romboutsia, UCG-005, and norank_f__Eggerthellaceae, and increased the concentration of SCFAs in intestinal contents.Discussion: These findings suggest that BBP may improve T2DM by regulating multiple metabolic pathways, IM composition, and SCFAs levels.

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“…Our data indicated that these bioactive fractions of B. fragilis contained identified metabolites, CA and DCA, among many other compounds that were not identified by comparison against GNPS spectral libraries. In the intestinal tract, numerous gut bacteria exhibit bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzymatic activity responsible for bile acid (BA) deconjugation, and subsequently forming secondary BAs metabolites, such as DCAs ( Gérard et al, 2007 ; Yang et al, 2021 ; Guo et al, 2022 ). BSH has been identified in extensive bacterial genera, including Lactobacillus , Bifidobacterium , Clostridium , Bacteroides and Enterococcus ( Song et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteroides fragilis derived metabolites, identified by molecular networking, decrease Salmonella virulence in mice model

et al. 2022

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In the gut microbiota, resident bacteria prevent pathogens infection by producing specific metabolites. Among bacteria belonging to phylum Bacteroidota, we have previously shown that Bacteroides fragilis or its cell-free supernatant inhibited in vitro Salmonella Heidelberg translocation. In the present study, we have analyzed this supernatant to identify bioactive molecules after extraction and subsequent fractionation using a semi-preparative reversed-phase Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). The results indicated that only two fractions (F3 and F4) strongly inhibited S. Heidelberg translocation in a model mimicking the intestinal epithelium. The efficiency of the bioactive fractions was evaluated in BALB/c mice, and the results showed a decrease of S. Heidelberg in Peyer’s patches and spleen, associated with a decrease in inflammatory cytokines and neutrophils infiltration. The reduction of the genus Alistipes in mice receiving the fractions could be related to the anti-inflammatory effects of bioactive fractions. Furthermore, these bioactive fractions did not alter the gut microbiota diversity in mice. To further characterize the compounds present in these bioactive fractions, Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) data were analyzed through molecular networking, highlighting cholic acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid. In vitro, CA had inhibitory activity against the translocation of S. Heidelberg by significantly decreasing the expression of Salmonella virulence genes such as sipA. The bioactive fractions also significantly downregulated the flagellar gene fliC, suggesting the involvement of other active molecules. This study showed the interest to characterize better the metabolites produced by B. fragilis to make them means of fighting pathogenic bacteria by targeting their virulence factor without modifying the gut microbiota.

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Interactive Relationships between Intestinal Flora and Bile Acids

Cited by 69 publications

References 147 publications

The Role of the Oral Microbiome in the Development of Diseases

The Role of the Oral Microbiome in the Development of Diseases

Bear bile powder ameliorates type 2 diabetes via modulation of metabolic profiles, gut microbiota, and metabolites

Bacteroides fragilis derived metabolites, identified by molecular networking, decrease Salmonella virulence in mice model

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