Interannual and seasonal variation of the population structure, abundance, and biomass of the arctic copepod Calanus glacialis in the White Sea

Pertsova, N. M.; Kosobokova, Ksenia

doi:10.1134/s0001437010040090

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The stage composition of the overwintering Calanus populations, mainly CV for C. finmarchicus and CIV for C. glacialis, suggests 1 and 2-year life cycles in these species, respectively, which is in agreement with observations from other Svalbard fjords and elsewhere in the Arctic (e.g., Conover, 1988;Kosobokova, 1999;Madsen et al, 2001;Ashjian et al, 2003;Arnkvaern et al, 2005;Hirche and Kosobokova, 2007;Pertsova and Kosobokova, 2010;Kosobokova, 2012;Kosobokova and Pertsova, 2018). A sharp decrease in Calanus abundance in late winter/early spring indicates high winter mortality, likely due to depletion of lipid reserves at the end of winter when energy storages are used up for metabolism, molting and maturation while food is not yet available (Daase et al, 2014;Berge et al, 2020;Daase and Søreide, 2021).…”

Section: Seasonal Migration and Overwinteringsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In August 2016, at the end of our study period, the WMD of C. glacialis was deeper than that of C. finmarchicus, indicating that the former descends earlier to the overwintering depth compared to the latter. C. glacialis reduces its metabolism in the absence of food (Morata and Søreide, 2015;Freese et al, 2017), and older copepodite stages CIV-CVI leave the surface layer if temperatures become too high seeking refuge in the colder, deeper waters (Niehoff and Hirche, 2005;Pertsova and Kosobokova, 2010). The earlier descent of C. glacialis observed during the present study is most likely also a response to reduced food availability and/or high temperature (Figure 2).…”

Section: Seasonal Migration and Overwinteringmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The high abundance, successful reproduction and dominance of C. glacialis in Isfjorden indicate that this species is thriving also under warmer, more Atlantic-influenced conditions and likely even benefits from these warmer conditions, presumably, due to increased growth rates and a better match between the spring bloom and presence of females. Increased growth and developmental rates at higher temperatures allow a higher portion of offspring to reach the overwintering stage and accumulate sufficient lipids for successful overwintering (Coyle and Gibson, 2017) as long as these temperatures remain within the species temperature tolerance range (Pertsova and Kosobokova, 2010).…”

Section: Fate Of C Finmarchicus and C Glacialis In A Warming Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting Life Traits of Sympatric Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus in a Warming Arctic Revealed by a Year-Round Study in Isfjorden, Svalbard

et al. 2022

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The calanoid copepod Calanus glacialis dominates the mesozooplankton biomass in the Arctic shelf seas, but its smaller North Atlantic sibling Calanus finmarchicus is expanding northwards and may potentially replace it if the climate continues to warm. Here we studied the population structure, overwintering strategies, gonad maturation and egg production of C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus over a period of 15 consecutive months in a high-Arctic fjord with sub-Arctic ocean climate and no sea ice formation in winter. The relative proportions of C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus varied throughout the study period, but with an overall dominance of C. glacialis. The overwintering population of C. glacialis was dominated by copepodite stage CIV (74%) while C. finmarchicus overwintered mainly as CV (65%), reflecting a primarily two- and one-year life cycle, respectively. Adult males and females of C. glacialis appeared as early as October with a peak during December-January, two months earlier than in C. finmarchicus, with a corresponding one-month earlier peak in recruitment for C. glacialis. While C. glacialis reproduced prior to the bloom with egg production peaking during the bloom, C. finmarchicus started egg laying during the bloom and continued to reproduce throughout the summer. Seasonal changes in the population structure suggest that C. finmarchicus born early in spring are able to develop to CV during summer and overwinter successfully, while offspring born later in the season do most likely not reach the CV overwintering stage. The ability to reproduce early and the flexibility to alter between 1- and 2-year life cycles give C. glacialis an advantage over C. finmarchicus in high-Arctic unpredictable environments with short-pulsed primary production regimes. Our data indicate that C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus occupy similar environmental niches, but different timing in reproduction reduces the competition. If sea temperatures remain within their temperature-tolerance ranges, both C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus seem to benefit from warming due to accelerating growth and higher survival of the recruits as long as C. glacialis has access to a colder refuge by descending to deeper depths.

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Section: Seasonal Migration and Overwinteringsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Seasonal Migration and Overwinteringmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Fate Of C Finmarchicus and C Glacialis In A Warming Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting Life Traits of Sympatric Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus in a Warming Arctic Revealed by a Year-Round Study in Isfjorden, Svalbard

et al. 2022

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“…Less gene flow—together with the absence of offshore populations—suggests that Cgla populations are resident [ 12 ]. In both the White Sea [ 23 ] and Lurefjord [ 24 ], Cgla is known to migrate in early summer from warm surface layers to colder deep water. This may explain the species' ability to maintain local populations and avoid transport out of fjords.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics redraws pelagic biogeography ofCalanus

et al. 2017

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Planktonic copepods of the genus Calanus play a central role in North Atlantic/Arctic marine food webs. Here, using molecular markers, we redrew the distributional ranges of Calanus species inhabiting the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and revealed much wider and more broadly overlapping distributions than previously described. The Arctic shelf species, C. glacialis, dominated the zooplankton assemblage of many Norwegian fjords, where only C. finmarchicus has been reported previously. In these fjords, high occurrences of the Arctic species C. hyperboreus were also found. Molecular markers revealed that the most common method of species identification, prosome length, cannot reliably discriminate the species in Norwegian fjords. Differences in degree of genetic differentiation among fjord populations of the two species suggested that C. glacialis is a more permanent resident of the fjords than C. finmarchicus. We found no evidence of hybridization between the species. Our results indicate a critical need for the wider use of molecular markers to reliably identify and discriminate these morphologically similar copepod species, which serve as important indicators of climate responses.

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“…2a,b) suggest a migration driven by processes other than the availability of food. The negative association between the Calanus vertical distribution index and mean temperature (Table 4) reflects the tendency of the seasonal descent and subsequent induction of diapause in C. glacialis to occur in relation to the summer− autumn warming of the surface waters (Niehoff & Hirche 2005, Pertsova & Kosobokova 2010. The overwintering depth and timing of the seasonal migration of Calanus spp.…”

Section: Herbivoresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seasonal vertical strategies in a high-Arctic coastal zooplankton community

Bandara¹,

Varpe²,

Søreide³

et al. 2016

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We studied the larger (>1000 µm) size fraction of zooplankton in an Arctic coastal water community in Billefjorden, Svalbard (78°40' N), Norway, in order to describe seasonal vertical distributions of the dominant taxa in relation to environmental variability. Calanus spp. numerically dominated the herbivores; Aglantha digitale, Mertensia ovum, Beroë cucumis, and Parasagitta elegans were the dominant carnivores. Omnivores and detritivores were numerically less important. Descent to deeper regions of the water column (>100 m) between August and October, and ascent to the shallower region (<100 m) between November and May was the overall seasonal pattern in this zooplankton community. In contrast to other groups, P. elegans did not exhibit pronounced vertical migrations. Seasonal vertical distributions of most species showed statistical associations with the availability of their main food source. The vertical distribution of later developmental stages of Calanus spp. was inversely associated with fluorescence, indicating that they descended from the shallower region while it was still relatively productive, and ascended before the primary production had started to increase. Strong associations between the vertical distributions of secondary consumer M. ovum and Calanus spp., and tertiary consumer B. cucumis and M. ovum indicated that these carnivores seasonally followed their prey through the water column. We conclude that seasonal vertical migrations are a widespread trait in the high Arctic community studied, and predator−prey interactions seem particularly central in shaping the associations between the seasonal vertical strategies of adjacent trophic levels.

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Interannual and seasonal variation of the population structure, abundance, and biomass of the arctic copepod Calanus glacialis in the White Sea

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Contrasting Life Traits of Sympatric Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus in a Warming Arctic Revealed by a Year-Round Study in Isfjorden, Svalbard

Contrasting Life Traits of Sympatric Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus in a Warming Arctic Revealed by a Year-Round Study in Isfjorden, Svalbard

Genetics redraws pelagic biogeography ofCalanus

Seasonal vertical strategies in a high-Arctic coastal zooplankton community

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