Interannual tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies teleconnection to Northern Hemisphere atmosphere in November

King, Martin P.; Bulić, Ivana Herceg; Kucharski, Fred; Keenlyside, Noel

doi:10.1007/s00382-017-3727-5

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…As a result, the ratio of the regression magnitude to the total standard deviation in the NAE sector is comparable (maximum of 0.4) for monthly and seasonal means. The patterns shown in | discussed in more detail in King et al (2017), who investigate the spatiotemporal variability of this teleconnection and also show that two atmospheric models forced with observed SSTs qualitatively reproduce this fall ENSO signal. Figure 2 shows the October-April evolution of the ENSO-related zonal wind field.…”

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confidence: 76%

“…A better knowledge of ENSO teleconnection dynamics may also motivate model improvements (Scaife et al 2014 (Manzini et al 2006;Bell et al 2009;Cagnazzo and Manzini 2009;Ineson and Scaife 2009;Butler et al 2014;Richter et al 2015;Herceg-Bulić et al 2017). According to some studies, a realistic representation of the ENSO impact in Europe requires a model with a fully resolved stratosphere that is capable of simulating this chain of events (e.g., Scaife et al 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A more general challenge for simulating ENSO impacts is the chaotic nature of the midlatitude atmosphere, which reduces the signal-tonoise ratio and limits predictability, also giving rise to uncertainty on what the real-world teleconnection actually is (Deser et al 2017). Finally, ENSO teleconnections may be modulated by multidecadal variability The ENSO signal in the NAE sector is known to exhibit intraseasonal variation (Fraedrich 1990;Moron and Gouirand 2003;Shaman 2014;King et al 2017;Scaife et al 2017). In fact, the entire NH ENSO teleconnection evolves through the cold season, as seen in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Importance of Late Fall ENSO Teleconnection in the Euro-Atlantic Sector

King

Bulić

Bladé

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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Recent studies have indicated the importance of fall climate forcings and teleconnections in influencing the climate of the northern mid- to high latitudes. Here, we present some exploratory analyses using observational data and seasonal hindcasts, with the aim of highlighting the potential of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as a driver of climate variability during boreal late fall and early winter (November and December) in the North Atlantic–European sector, and motivating further research on this relatively unexplored topic. The atmospheric ENSO teleconnection in November and December is reminiscent of the east Atlantic pattern and distinct from the well-known arching extratropical Rossby wave train found from January to March. Temperature and precipitation over Europe in November are positively correlated with the Niño-3.4 index, which suggests a potentially important ENSO climate impact during late fall. In particular, the ENSO-related temperature anomaly extends over a much larger area than during the subsequent winter months. We discuss the implications of these results and pose some research questions.

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confidence: 76%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Importance of Late Fall ENSO Teleconnection in the Euro-Atlantic Sector

King

Bulić

Bladé

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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“…This change is consistent with changes in the tropospheric anomalies during ENSO: the North Pacific low extended into Northeast Asia during the period before 1979 but was confined to the Northeast Pacific since 1979 (Figures a and b; J. Hu et al, ). A switch in correlation between the North Pacific and the North Atlantic can be observed at the same time (King et al, ). As discussed in Garfinkel et al (), a low in the northeastern Pacific is less effective at weakening the vortex as compared to a low that extends into the northwestern Pacific.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Enso Teleconnectionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Teleconnection of El Niño Southern Oscillation to the Stratosphere

Domeisen

Garfinkel²,

Butler

2019

Reviews of Geophysics

316

284

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El Niño and La Niña events in the tropical Pacific have significant and disrupting impacts on the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts also extend above the troposphere, affecting the strength and variability of the stratospheric polar vortex in the high latitudes of both hemispheres, as well as the composition and circulation of the tropical stratosphere. El Niño events are associated with a warming and weakening of the polar vortex in the polar stratosphere of both hemispheres, while a cooling can be observed in the tropical lower stratosphere. These impacts are linked by a strengthened Brewer-Dobson circulation. Anomalous upward wave propagation is observed in the extratropics of both hemispheres. For La Niña, these anomalies are often opposite. The stratosphere in turn affects surface weather and climate over large areas of the globe. Since these surface impacts are long-lived, the changes in the stratosphere can lead to improved surface predictions on time scales of weeks to months. Over the past decade, our understanding of the mechanisms through which ENSO can drive impacts remote from the tropical Pacific has improved. This study reviews the possible mechanisms connecting ENSO to the stratosphere in the tropics and the extratropics of both hemispheres while also considering open questions, including nonlinearities in the teleconnections, the role of ENSO diversity, and the impacts of climate change and variability.Plain Language Summary El Niño and La Niña events, the irregular warming and cooling of the tropical Pacific that occurs every couple of years, have disrupting impacts spanning the entire world. These remote impacts, so-called "teleconnections", also reach the stratosphere, the layer of the atmosphere starting at around 10 km above the Earth's surface. El Niño leads to a warming of the stratosphere in both hemispheres, while the lower tropical stratosphere cools. These signatures are linked by a strengthened stratospheric circulation from the tropics to the polar regions. El Niño also leads to more frequent breakdowns of the stratospheric polar vortex, a band of strong eastward winds in the polar stratosphere. For La Niña, these effects tend to be opposite, though they are not always robust, suggesting nonlinear or nonstationary effects, long-term variability, and trends in the teleconnections. The observational data record is not yet long enough to make conclusions with certainty, and models that try to reproduce the teleconnections indicate that teleconnections might be more linear than the limited number of observations indicate. Further research will be needed to separate the El Niño and La Niña teleconnections from other effects and to determine to what extent nonlinearity and nonstationarity are indeed present.

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“…As we have demonstrated in the present study, it may not be sufficient to only predict the NAO (see, e.g., Scaife et al [55]). Seasonal forecasts of the EAP and SCAN, which have been suggested to be linked to tropical Pacific and North Atlantic sea surface temperature variability [62,63], would be valuable to the European coastal communities. .…”

Section: Summarizing Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of North Atlantic Teleconnection Patterns on Northern European Sea Level

Chafik

Nilsen

Dangendorf

2017

JMSE

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Abstract:Northern European sea levels show a non-stationary link to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The location of the centers of the NAO dipole, however, can be affected through the interplay with the East Atlantic (EAP) and the Scandinavian (SCAN) teleconnection patterns. Our results indicate the importance of accounting for the binary combination of the NAO with the EAP/SCAN for better understanding the non-stationary drivers inducing sea level variations along the European coasts. By combining altimetry and tide gauges, we find that anomalously high monthly sea levels along the Norwegian (North Sea) coast are predominantly governed by same positive phase NAO+/EAP+ (NAO+/SCAN+) type of atmospheric circulation, while the Newlyn and Brest tide gauges respond markedly to the opposite phase NAO−/EAP+ combination. Despite these regional differences, we find that coherent European sea level changes project onto a pattern resembling NAO+/SCAN+, which is signified by pressure anomalies over Scandinavia and southern Europe forcing winds to trace the continental slope, resulting in a pile-up of water along the European coasts through Ekman transport. We conclude that taking into consideration the interaction between these atmospheric circulation regimes is valuable and may help to understand the time-varying relationship between the NAO and European mean sea level.

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Interannual tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies teleconnection to Northern Hemisphere atmosphere in November

Cited by 29 publications

References 59 publications

Importance of Late Fall ENSO Teleconnection in the Euro-Atlantic Sector

Importance of Late Fall ENSO Teleconnection in the Euro-Atlantic Sector

The Teleconnection of El Niño Southern Oscillation to the Stratosphere

Impact of North Atlantic Teleconnection Patterns on Northern European Sea Level

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