Interannual Variations of Tropical Precipitation Patterns

Stoeckenius, T.E.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109<1233:ivotpp>2.0.co;2

Cited by 64 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…4 Nicholson 2 observed a certain degree of interhemispheric connectivity, but the strongest spatial associations were reported within the northern hemisphere (Sahel) and within equatorial Africa and South Africa. There seemed to be two preferred configurations, namely, precipitation of the same sign over all the African continent, and opposite signs between tropical and subtropical latitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodicities, ENSO effects and trends of some South African rainfall series: an update

Kane

2010

S Afr J Sci

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodicities, ENSO effects and trends of some South African rainfall series: an update

Kane

2010

S Afr J Sci

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“…Some extreme rainfall events in East Africa have been significantly associated with ENSO (e.g. Stoeckenius 1981, Ropelewski & Halpert 1987, Janowiak 1988, Ogallo 1988, Kiladis & Diaz 1989, Nicholson & Entekhabi 1989, Goddard & Graham 1999. Typically, rainfall tends to be enhanced (reduced) over equatorial East Africa during El Niño (La Niña) events (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the 1998 to 2005 drought over the northeastern highlands of Tanzania

Kijazi¹,

Reason²

2009

Clim. Res.

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Extreme weather and climate events have major negative effects on Tanzania's economy. Recently, the prolonged drought from 1998 to 2005 caused devastating crop failures, livestock losses and reductions in the country's water reservoir levels, which, in turn, created food shortages and rationing of hydroelectric power and water. The present study analyses the atmospheric circulations associated with the 1998 to 2005 drought that affected the northeastern highlands of Tanzania. Analysis of large-scale circulation indicates that the drought during the October to December (OND) short rainy seasons, from 1998 to 2005, was related to westerly low-level moisture flux divergence and subsidence over northern Tanzania associated with an eastward shift of the Walker cell. For the March to May (MAM) long rainy seasons, the prolonged drought was related to strong moisture flux divergence over the region and subsidence associated with the occurrence of the descending branch of a Walker-type circulation over the region. Rainfall onset was undefined for most years in both the OND and the MAM seasons, and, in all cases, unevenly distributed rains with prolonged dry spells were experienced in a shorter than average rainy season. However, an out-of-season rainfall peak occurred in January, after the end of the OND rains. This delayed peak has important implications for agricultural and water resource activities. The circulation patterns observed in the Tanzanian region from 1998 to 2005 were similar to those experienced during a previous prolonged drought (1973 to 1976), suggesting that some predictability of drought may exist.

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“…Moura and Shukla (1981) and Hastenrath and Greischar (1993) showed the importance of local meridional circulations on Nordeste rainfall. Stoeckenius (1981) suggested the role of Walker circulations in the tropical precipitation variations. The position of the ITCZ is crucial to the rainfall of the Nordeste and sub-Sahara and the circulation associated with the ITCZ has the influence of both the Walker and Hadley circulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Recent Increasing Trend of Rainfall over Northeast Brazil Related to Sub-Saharan Drought?

et al. 2006

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In recent years, there has been an increase in rainfall over northeast Brazil (Nordeste), while over the sub-Saharan region there has been a drought. The correlation coefficients between the II 1 vr running means of the rainfall series over the two regions are significant (at the 95% confidence level by a two-sided t test), suggesting that both trends are related. The rainfall variations over the two regions are connected to the position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) over the Atlantic. A more southward (northward) position of the ITCZ is favorable for higher than normal rainfall over Nordeste (sub-Sahara). The correlation coefficient between the position of the ITCZ over the Atlantic and the rainfall over Nordeste (sub-Sahara) is negative (positive) and highly significant, reaching values over 0.9. Thus, this study suggests that a more southward than normal location of the ITCZ in the Atlantic may be the cause for the recent increasing (decreasing) trend of rainfall over Nordeste (sub-Sahara).

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Interannual Variations of Tropical Precipitation Patterns

Cited by 64 publications

References 28 publications

Periodicities, ENSO effects and trends of some South African rainfall series: an update

Periodicities, ENSO effects and trends of some South African rainfall series: an update

Analysis of the 1998 to 2005 drought over the northeastern highlands of Tanzania

Is the Recent Increasing Trend of Rainfall over Northeast Brazil Related to Sub-Saharan Drought?

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