Intercalated montmorillonite by cyclotriphosphazene imidazole derivative and its thermal properties used in polyester

Abstract

Summary Montmorillonite (MMT) and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) are two focal materials to investigate in improving the thermal properties of polymer in recent years. They are used to improve the thermal performance of polymer from different aspects. MMT usually could play an important role in preventing or slowing down the penetration of heat and flame by layers of the mineral. However, making polymer dehydrate and carbonize and generating incombustible ammonia, which can dilute the concentration of combustible gas, are the major ways from HCCP. In this study, a novel intercalated MMT containing high content of phosphorus and nitrogen was synthesized by MMT and HCCP (HCCP‐in‐MMT). It was applied to improve the thermal performance of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer. 1H NMR and 31P NMR technology were used to track the structures of a series of intermediates. The composites were prepared by melt‐blending neat PET with HCCP‐in‐MMT and named as PET/HCCP‐in‐MMT material. Three levels of HCCP‐in‐MMT (1, 3, and 5 wt%) were considered for the blends. The preliminary application in improving the thermal performance of PET was studied by thermo‐gravimetric (TG) analysis and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry study showed that the introduction of HCCP‐in‐MMT would inhibit the pyrolysis of PET during heating or burning. The flame retardancy performance of PET composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index tests and UL‐94 test. The result showed that the composites could pass UL‐94 V‐1 and limiting oxygen index value 28.3% just only containing 5 wt% of HCCP‐in‐MMT. TEM showed that the inserted layer structure was formed between PET matrix and synthetic flame retardant HCCP‐in‐MMT. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Preparation of Exfoliated Organo‐Montmorillonite and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene

“…In addition, to improve the compatibility of Mt and PP, some organic compounds are usually intercalated in Mt interlayer space by ion exchange to form OMt. [34,35] In current experiment, in order to obtain PP composites with good flame retardancy and mechanical properties at the same time, APP/OMt was synthesized by in-situ polymerization in a homemade kneader (Figure 1), and the main reactions are concluded as Equ. 1.…”

“…There are mainly three kinds of mechanisms in explaining the enhanced flame retardancy of the nanocomposites: a barrier mechanism, radical trapping caused by iron or other paramagnetic impurities in the clay, and catalytic effect on char formation. In addition, to improve the compatibility of Mt and PP, some organic compounds are usually intercalated in Mt interlayer space by ion exchange to form OMt [34,35] …”

Preparation of hexakis (4‐aldehyde phenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene grafted kaolinite and its synergistic fire resistance in poly (butylene succinate)

“…Besides, some characteristic peaks of P O and P─O─P at about 1000/cm can be observed, which corresponding to the introduction of melem, melaline, and phosphoric acid compounds produced by the decomposition of MA and APP. [28][29][30] It is certificated that the protective barrier formed on the surface of the composites was rich in N/P/C elements.…”