Intercalation and Exfoliation Compounds of Graphite Oxide with Quaternary Phosphonium Ions

Abstract

Highly ordered graphite oxide intercalation compounds (GOIC) and fully disordered graphite oxide exfoliated compounds (GOEC) have been obtained, for two quaternary phosphonium salts. X-ray diffraction patterns of both GOIC and GOEC maintain the 100 and 110 reflections of GO, clearly indicating the maintenance of in-plane GO order. For GOICs, few 00ℓ reflections (with ℓ up to 3) appear, indicating an increase with respect to GO of crystalline order as well as an increase of spacing between GO layers from 0.84 nm up to 1.40 nm. GOIC and GOEC have been compared as for their kinetics of release in aqueous solutions of a phosphonium ion, being a known antibacterial agent. The GOICs exhibit pH sensitive cation release, with zero order kinetics, which could be helpful for applications requiring triggered and constant supply of active ions.

Effect of the Organic Functional Group on the Grafting Ability of Trialkoxysilanes onto Graphene Oxide: A Combined NMR, XRD, and ESR Study

“…Additionally, the lineshape of the siloxane peak changed, the highest FWHM value (6.4°) was displayed by the Ga-N sample, attributable to a higher degree of interaction with GO sheets, while Ga-M (FWHM = 2.15°) showed the minimum interaction. Another common feature to arise from the analysis of the spectra was that all the other peaks present in the Ga spectrum vanished after the functionalization, except for a small peak located at d = 0.210–0.213 nm, due to the (100) direction of graphene oxide; this effect could be attributed to the maintenance of the structural order along the direction parallel to the diffracting planes [30]. Nevertheless, from the correlation lengths evaluated from the FWHM values, a lowering of the domain dimensions was recorded from Ga (>30 nm) to Ga-N (3.2 nm) and Ga-S (3.4 nm); again, the scarce interaction in the Ga-M sample also led to a higher degree of order in this direction, with an evaluated correlation length of 7.0 nm.…”

Single‐Step Synthesis of Novel Polyionic Liquids Having Antibacterial Activity and Showing π‐Electron Mediated Selectivity in Separation of Aromatics

“…Therefore, there is a need of designing, synthesis and overall property evaluation of novel antibacterial agents. The biocidal property of the materials containing ammonium, imidazolium cations were widely used as disinfectants and cleaning agents in hospital and food industry . The PIL from imidazolium family showed high antimicrobial properties against gram positive bacteria, good blood compatibility, and low cytotoxicity, as well as low adsorption of bovine serum albumin .…”

Convenient synthetic route to tetraarylphosphonium polyelectrolytes via palladium‐catalyzed P–C coupling of aryl triflates and diphenylphosphine

“…Polyelectrolytes have been attracting tremendous interest in recent decades due to the growing range of applications available based on their intriguing and unique properties . Phosphonium‐derivatized polyelectrolytes in particular have been investigated for application in diverse applications ranging from their use as antimicrobial agents and biodelivery vectors, to materials and energy applications such as alkaline fuel cell membranes, redox‐active films, ordered optically active materials and optoelectronic devices …”