Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) Gene Variant is Associated with Coronary Artery Calcification Independent of Soluble ICAM-1 Levels

Abstract

Background Although circulating levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (slCAM-1) predict cardiovascular events, no studies have examined intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) gene variants, plasma slCAM-1 levels, and atherosclerosis in the same sample. Methods We examined the association of the ICAM-1 K469E gene variant and plasma slCAM-1 with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in 632 asymptomatic subjects, recruited on the basis of a family history of premature cardiovascular disease. Results In age-adjusted ordinal regression, slCAM-1 levels were associated with CAC (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] 1.30 [1.04–1.6] per 100 ng/dL slCAM-1; p = .02), but this association was lost after adjusting for traditional risk factors (OR [95% CI] 0.9 [0.69–1.16]). In men, but not women (interaction p = .018), the ICAM-1 K469E GG genotype predicted lower CAC after adjusting for traditional risk factors (OR [95% CI] 0.33 [0.17–0.61]; p = .001) and further controlling for plasma slCAM-1 (OR [95% CI] 0.27 [0.14–0.52]; p < .001). Conclusions: In a study sample specifically selected for the characteristic of a family history of premature coronary heart disease, ICAM K469E GG was associated with lower CAC scores in men but not women even after controlling for plasma levels of slCAM-1. These studies suggest that ICAM-1 variants may modulate atherosclerosis in humans and provide support for the concept that inflammatory gene polymorphisms may influence atherosclerosis independent of plasma levels of their gene products.