Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54) Is Increased in Adhesive Capsulitis

Abstract

ICAM-1 was increased in patients with adhesive capsulitis, similar to the increase that has been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Conservative integrated treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder

“…However, diabetic patients show a certain resistance to conservative treatment of adhesive capsulitis; morphological examination of pathological capsular tissue samples taken intra-operatively has shown the presence of newly vascularized synovial tissue, while immunohistochemical examination has revealed the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor, which has the capacity to induce intense synovial neovascularization (7). Furthermore, a high presence of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 has been found in shoulder capsule tissue of diabetic patients, correlating with inflammation and fibrosis (10). The presence of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder must, first of all, be established through a correct differential diagnosis versus secondary shoulder stiffness, which might not benefit from this type of treatment; patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and those who use anticonvulsant drugs are, in general, more resistant to conservative therapy.…”

“…It is generally primary or idiopathic and arises spontaneously in the absence of specific causes such as traumas, fractures, tendon injuries or dislocations, which are causes of secondary shoulder stiffness. In diabetic patients, the incidence of adhesive capsulitis ranges from 10 to 20% (10). The classic description of the disease is that of Codman (1) who, in 1934, defined "frozen shoulder" as a morbid condition characterized by muscle spasms and glenohumeral joint stiffness; ten years later, Neviaser (2) proposed the term "adhesive capsulitis", which certainly better reflects the pathophysiology of the disease, describing three clinical stages: the freezing stage, characterized by acute and continuous pain and arm stiffness in adduction and internal rotation; the frozen stage, during which there is less pain but more stiffness; and the thawing stage, during which wellbeing and movement are slowly and gradually restored.…”

The stiff shoulder in diabetic patients

“…Non‐diabetic patients had higher expression of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS‐5) . This inflammatory process has been shown to be mediated by the intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1, CD54) …”

MR Imaging of Extrasynovial Inflammation and Impingement About the Knee

“…1 This particular manifestation is unique to the knee because of the fat pad interposition between the synovium and the capsule at these locations. Although current knowledge of this entity is incomplete, there is evidence that there are certain molecules, 61 beyond the generalized histologic inflammation, that might be used as markers for AC, at least of the shoulder. Further studies are needed to better characterize and understand this disorder.…”