High molecular weight hyaluronan (HA) is widely used in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by intra-articular injection. However, comparative studies of HA actions on catalytically activated cartilages in different pathologic conditions have rarely been investigated. This study was aimed to compare the inhibitory effects of HA on nitric oxide (NO) production by COOH-terminal heparin-binding fibronectin fragment (HBFN-f) between normal and diseased cartilages. When articular cartilage explants from normal, OA, or RA joints were incubated with HBFN-f, the RA and OA cartilages produced higher levels of NO compared with normal cartilage. Pretreatment with 2700 kDa HA resulted in significant suppression of HBFN-f-stimulated NO production in OA and RA cartilages. While CD44 was up-regulated in OA and RA cartilages, anti-CD44 antibody reversed HA inhibition of HBFN-f action in those cartilages. The present results clearly demonstrated that HA blocked HBFN-f actions in OA and RA cartilages through interaction with CD44. HA, which targets CD44 highly expressed on OA and RA chondrocytes, could suppress catabolic actions by fibronectin fragments like HBFN-f in diseased cartilage.Fibronectin (FN) is a component of normal cartilage matrix. FN consists predominantly of three types of homologous repeating segments (designated I, II, and III). While FN is encoded by a single gene, significant protein heterogeneity results from alternative RNA splicing at three sites, termed Extra type III Domain A (ED-A), Extra type III Domain B (ED-B), and the variable (V) region. The V region is also referred to as the connecting segment between III14-15 (IIICS). There are 10 principal isoforms predicted by RNA splicing patterns, each of which contains amino (NH 2 )-terminal heparin-, gelatin-, cell-and carboxyl (COOH)-terminal heparinbinding domains. Elevated levels of FN are found in osteoarthritic cartilage (12, 21) and in both synovial fluid and plasma of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (29,34). FN is readily degraded into fragments by proteinases. In OA and RA, activation of extracellular proteolysis may lead to the fragmentation of FN. Indeed, increased levels of 30-200 kDa fibronectin fragments (FN-fs) are found in cartilage and synovial fluid from patients with OA and RA (9, 34). Native FN has no catabolic effect on cartilage. Once FN is fragmented, those proteolytic fragments acquire catalytic activities whereby increased FN-fs are thought to cause cartilage destruction in OA and RA (35). Of FN-fs, the fragments with the central cell-, NH 2 -terminal heparin-and NH 2 -terminal gelatin-binding domains have been extensively investigated. Those FN-fs can stimulate proteoglycan breakdown in cultured articular cartilage explants (8). We have recently found that another FN-f, 40 kDa COOH-terminal heparin-binding fragment containing both the III12-14 and IIICS domains (HBFN-f), enhances type II collagen cleavage by collagenase in association with enhanced production