Intercellular signaling is required for developmental gene expression in Myxococcus xanthus

Kuspa, Adam; Kroos, Lee; Kaiser, Dale

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(86)90369-6

Cited by 159 publications

(235 citation statements)

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“…Because of the similarity in the phenotypes of exc and asg mutants, we checked whether the exc mutants are a new class of asg mutants. Strain DK4587 is an asgB mutant that carries an A factor-dependent TnSlacZ fusion (f4521) (25). When the A factor produced by the wild-type strain or by other classes of developmental mutants is provided to DK4587 cells in conditions of submerged culture development in the presence of the 0-galactosidase chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-3-D-galactopyranoside (X-Gal), blue fruiting bodies are observed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mutations in two new loci that impair both extracellular protein production and development in Myxococcus xanthus

et al. 1993

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Two transposon insertion mutants of Myxococcus xanthus altered in the secretion of protein as determined by the hydrolytic activities of several enzymes during vegetative growth were also unable to complete fruiting body formation and were severely impaired in sporulation. The insertions were located in the same part of the M. xanthus chromosome but were unlinked by transduction and therefore define two distinct loci, called exc4 and excB. Since both Exc' mutants were able to rescue development of an asgB mutation, they do not belong to the Asg-group, despite of the fact that asg mutants are also Exc'. Our results sustain the hypothesis of a possible relationship between protein secretion during vegetative growth and development or sporulation.

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confidence: 99%

Mutations in two new loci that impair both extracellular protein production and development in Myxococcus xanthus

et al. 1993

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“…Successful completion of the developmental process depends upon the proper functioning of many genes. Some of these genes are directly involved in the intercellular signaling necessary for coordinating specific multicellular activities (16); others affect development by controlling the motility (11,12) or cohesiveness (27) of the cells.…”

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Role of autocide AMI in development of Myxococcus xanthus

Rosenbluh

Rosenberg

1990

J Bacteriol

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A new developmental mutant of Myxococcus xanthus has been isolated by screening TnV insertion mutants for AMI-dependent development in submerged culture. This mutant (ER304) aggregated and sporulated on agar surfaces but required at least 3.8 ,ug of autocide AMI per ml for development in submerged cultures. Spore rescue of ER304 was obtained with the saturated, monounsaturated, and diunsaturated fatty acid fractions of AMI, with specific activities of 68, 115, and 700 U/mg, respectively. In addition, several model fatty acids were capable of rescuing sporulation of ER304; however, there was no correlation between specific lytic activity observed in vegetative cultures and specific rescue activity. Rescue of ER304 was effected during the first ca. 12 h after the initiation of starvation conditions; after this time, addition of AMI or model fatty acids killed the cells. Supernatant fluids of ER304 rescued development in dsg mutants (e.g., DK3260) in submerged cultures, but dsg mutant supernatant fluids were incapable of rescuing ER304 development. The data presented in this article support the idea that the primary mechanism of rescue by AMI is not via lysis, although developmental lysis may be an indirect result of the rescue event. A membrane permeability model is presented to explain the role of autocides in early developmental events in wild-type strains and in the aggregation and sporulation rescue of developmental mutants ER304 and DK3260.Myxococcus xanthus, the most extensively studied member of the Myxobacterales, is a gram-negative, gliding bacterium, characterized by a complex, multicellular development program (33). Development of M. xanthus, which culminates in the building of spore-filled fruiting bodies, is contingent upon the fulfillment of several conditions: (i) a minimal cell density, (ii) a solid substratum to support the aggregating cells, and (iii) nutritional downshift of exponentially growing cells (25). Successful completion of the developmental process depends upon the proper functioning of many genes. Some of these genes are directly involved in the intercellular signaling necessary for coordinating specific multicellular activities (16); others affect development by controlling the motility (11, 12) or cohesiveness (27) of the cells.Autocides are substances produced by vegetative M. xanthus cells which are capable of inducing lysis in the producing and related strains (29). The two major autocides, referred to as AMI and AMV, have been isolated and chemically characterized (6, 30). Autocide AMV is phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), the major component of the inner and outer cell membranes of M. xanthus. Autocide AMI, a mixture of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, appears to be an enzymatic breakdown product of AMV and its active lytic moiety. In addition to its autolytic activity, autocide AMI has recently been shown to be capable of accelerating aggregation and sporulation in the wild-type strain and of rescuing aggregation and sporulation in dsg development mutan...

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“…Expression of the Tn5lac ⍀4455 reporter initiates within an hour after onset of starvation in wild type. Induction depends on starvation but not on the A-signal or C-signal (12,48). In the Mx4885::K m mutant, the expression profile of this fusion was very similar to wild type (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…By contrast, the expression profiles of the other four fusions were significantly altered by the Mx4885::K m mutation. Tn5lac ⍀4521 depends on the A-signal for normal expression (48). Because ⍀4521 expression is initiated normally, A-signaling appears to be satisfactory.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancer-binding proteins with a forkhead-associated domain and the σ ⁵⁴ regulon in Myxococcus xanthus fruiting body development

Jelsbak

Givskov

Kaiser

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Intercellular signaling is required for developmental gene expression in Myxococcus xanthus

Cited by 159 publications

References 14 publications

Mutations in two new loci that impair both extracellular protein production and development in Myxococcus xanthus

Mutations in two new loci that impair both extracellular protein production and development in Myxococcus xanthus

Role of autocide AMI in development of Myxococcus xanthus

Enhancer-binding proteins with a forkhead-associated domain and the σ ⁵⁴ regulon in Myxococcus xanthus fruiting body development

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Intercellular signaling is required for developmental gene expression in Myxococcus xanthus

Cited by 159 publications

References 14 publications

Mutations in two new loci that impair both extracellular protein production and development in Myxococcus xanthus

Mutations in two new loci that impair both extracellular protein production and development in Myxococcus xanthus

Role of autocide AMI in development of Myxococcus xanthus

Enhancer-binding proteins with a forkhead-associated domain and the σ 54 regulon in Myxococcus xanthus fruiting body development

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Enhancer-binding proteins with a forkhead-associated domain and the σ ⁵⁴ regulon in Myxococcus xanthus fruiting body development