Intercepción de lluvia en bosques de montaña en la cuenca del río Texcoco, México

Abstract


 
 
 El proceso de intercepción de lluvia por la masa arbórea, como componente del ciclo hidrológico en áreas forestales, está determinado, entre otras causas, por las condiciones climáticas, orográficas y por las características de la vegetación. Se presentan resultados de un programa de investigación que tiene como objetivo medir las cantidades de lluvia que interceptan tres comunidades forestales, en la cuenca hidrológico-forestal Río Texcoco. Se establecieron tres módulos de investigación con una superficie de 1.0 ha, en bosques de alta montaña ubicados en un intervalo altitudinal de 2 850 a 3 650 msnm. En cada una, se realizaron mediciones dendrométricas: como diámetro normal, altura total y de fuste limpio, de cada árbol a partir de 7.5 cm de diámetro normal. Durante los periodos de lluvia de los años 2009, 2010 y 201, se realizaron mediciones de precipitación, y se determinaron las cantidades de precipitación y su distribución por periodo de lluvias. Para las mediciones de precipitación total, se emplearon dos pluviómetros ubicados fuera los módulos. La intercepción se midió con 75 pluviómetros de lectura directa distribuidos aleatoriamente bajo el dosel. La precipitación-intercepción se registraron por evento de lluvia. Las cantidades interceptadas por las copas de los árboles se expresaron como porcentajes, para cada uno de los grupos estudiados: oyamel (26.1 %), encino (21.7 %) y pino (19.2 %). Se generaron los modelos estadísticos de la relación: precipitación total (mm) - lluvia interceptada (%), para cada grupo.
 
 

Canopy rainfall interception by pine (Pinus hartwegii Lindl) and oyamel [Abies religiosa ( Kunth ) Schltdl. y Cham.] at the Zoquiapan Experimental Forest Station, Mexico

“…Flores-Ayala et al (2016) found a potential relationship for A. religiosa and a logarithmic relationship for P. hartwegii, with R 2 values much lower than those found in our study, since they obtained 0.58 and 0.42, respectively. In our study, the linear relationships (first-order polynomials) presented values of R 2 equal to 0.89 and 0.78 for A. religiosa and P. hartwegii, respectively, which are also higher than the values found by Flores-Ayala et al (2016).…”

“…The interception calculated for P. hartwegii and A. religiosa was 20.66 mm and 31.15 mm, respectively, corresponding to 16.37 and 24.68% of total rainfall. Flores-Ayala et al (2016) reported different total values in a study conducted on the same species as in this study, with 19.20% in P. hartwegii and 26.10% in A. religiosa. The difference in results between these two studies can be attributed to the fact that Flores-Ayala et al (2016) did not consider stemflow in their calculation of rainfall interception, since it was calculated by subtracting the throughfall from the incident precipitation.…”

“…Flores-Ayala et al (2016) reported different total values in a study conducted on the same species as in this study, with 19.20% in P. hartwegii and 26.10% in A. religiosa. The difference in results between these two studies can be attributed to the fact that Flores-Ayala et al (2016) did not consider stemflow in their calculation of rainfall interception, since it was calculated by subtracting the throughfall from the incident precipitation. If stemflow is not considered, although it apparently has small percentages in large areas with high depth rainfall, this omission can generate important errors in water balances.…”

Response of water yield to silvicultural treatments in a temperate forest in northern Mexico

“…Surface runoff (SR) refers to the rainfall that flows over the surface of the soil directly into nearby channels and bodies of water. Net precipitation (NP) is the amount of water that reaches the forest floor; it is a combination of throughfall and stemflow [17].…”

Covariance structure assessment in multi‐level models for the analysis of forests rainfall interception data using repeated measures

“…Forests also mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration, provide shelter for biodiversity, protect soil, and regulate the hydrological cycle (Keith et al, 2010; Mendoza‐Ponce et al, 2018). The rain interception process by the canopy of wooded vegetation, as a vital component of the hydrological cycle, is mainly determined by climate, orography, and vegetation structure (Flores Ayala et al, 2017; Link et al, 2004; Muzylo et al, 2009). In this sense, the amount of rain intercepted in a forest mass is expected to be determined mainly by the basal area to indicate the stand's density.…”