Intercept-resend attack on six-state quantum key distribution over collective-rotation noise channels

Garapo, Kevin; Mafu, Mhlambululi; Petruccione, Francesco

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/25/7/070303

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Moreover, quantum computing can simulate complex biological systems, leading to the development of new drugs and therapies (Cao et al, 2018 ). QTs can provide secure transmission of medical data, ensuring privacy (Senekane et al, 2017 ; Senekane, 2019 ) and confidentiality (Garapo et al, 2016 ; Mafu and Senekane, 2018 ).…”

Section: Quantum Technology: Applications and Potential Driver To Del...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum technology for development framework as a tool for science diplomacy

Mafu,

Senekane

2023

Front. Res. Metr. Anal.

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The state-of-the-art quantum technologies leverage the unique principles of quantum mechanics, which include quantization, uncertainty principle, interference, entanglement and decoherence, to produce useful devices and scientific advancements not possible with classical technologies. As a result, quantum technologies, in particular, offer specific advantages that make communications networks secure and unbreakable and devices with unprecedented levels of accuracy, responsiveness, reliability, scalability and efficiency than classical emerging technologies. These capabilities can contribute significantly to addressing energy, agriculture, climate change, national security, healthcare, education and economic growth challenges. Unfortunately, these developments in these areas have not been evenly distributed between the Global North and the Global South, inadvertently creating a societal and economic gap. Closing this gap is critical to creating a more inclusive and sustainable future for all, thus delivering key sustainable goals. Therefore, to close this gap, this article proposes a quantum diplomacy framework as a means to deliver science diplomacy. Moreover, we discuss how emerging quantum technologies could profoundly impact all 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We consider this work a timely and vital intervention to prevent the gap from increasing.

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Section: Quantum Technology: Applications and Potential Driver To Del...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum technology for development framework as a tool for science diplomacy

Mafu,

Senekane

2023

Front. Res. Metr. Anal.

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“…Then, Wu and Chen (2015) analyzed a multi-photon analysis for the three-stage quantum protocol under the collective-rotation noise model and demonstrated that a multi-photon system provides better error rate tolerance during transmission in a noisy environment [52]. Furthermore, Garapo et al [53] investigated the influence of the intercept-resend attack on the six-state QKD over collective-rotation noise channels and found that the protocol was secure when the angle of rotation was restricted within certain bounds. This was followed by security analysis for the E91 protocol in the presence of a collective-rotation noise channel [54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security of Bennett–Brassard 1984 Quantum-Key Distribution under a Collective-Rotation Noise Channel

2022

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The security analysis of the Ekert 1991 (E91), Bennett 1992 (B92), six-state protocol, Scarani–Acín–Ribordy–Gisin 2004 (SARG04) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, and their variants have been studied in the presence of collective-rotation noise channels. However, besides the Bennett–Brassard 1984 (BB84) being the first proposed, extensively studied, and essential protocol, its security proof under collective-rotation noise is still missing. Thus, we aim to close this gap in the literature. Consequently, we investigate how collective-rotation noise channels affect the security of the BB84 protocol. Mainly, we study scenarios where the eavesdropper, Eve, conducts an intercept-resend attack on the transmitted photons sent via a quantum communication channel shared by Alice and Bob. Notably, we distinguish the impact of collective-rotation noise and that of the eavesdropper. To achieve this, we provide rigorous, yet straightforward numerical calculations. First, we derive a model for the collective-rotation noise for the BB84 protocol and parametrize the mutual information shared between Alice and Eve. This is followed by deriving the quantum bit error rate (QBER) for two intercept-resend attack scenarios. In particular, we demonstrate that, for small rotation angles, one can extract a secure secret key under a collective-rotation noise channel when there is no eavesdropping. We observe that noise induced by rotation of 0.35 radians of the prepared quantum state results in a QBER of 11%, which corresponds to the lower bound on the tolerable error rate for the BB84 QKD protocol against general attacks. Moreover, a rotational angle of 0.53 radians yields a 25% QBER, which corresponds to the error rate bound due to the intercept-resend attack. Finally, we conclude that the BB84 protocol is robust against intercept-resend attacks on collective-rotation noise channels when the rotation angle is varied arbitrarily within particular bounds.

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“…Quantum cryptography state QKD. The intercept-resend attack is approached on the quantum communication channel (Garapo et al, 2016). Another study found that the quantum error rate decreases when increasing the depolarizing parameter characterizing the noise of the channel after applying the disturbance effect of a depolarizing channel on the security of the QKD of the four-state BB84 protocol has been applied (Dehmani et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercept-Resend Attack on SARG04 Protocol: An Extended Work

et al. 2020

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In this paper, intercept/resend eavesdropper attack over SARG04 quantum key distribution protocol is investigated by bounding the information of an eavesdropper; then, the attack has been analyzed. In 2019, simulation and enhancement of the performance of SARG04 protocol have been done by the same research group in terms of error correction stage using multiparity rather than single parity (Omar, 2019). The probability of detecting the case in the random secret key by eavesdropper is estimated. The results of intercept/resend eavesdropper attack proved that the attack has a significant impact on the operation of the SARG04 protocol in terms of the final key length.

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Intercept-resend attack on six-state quantum key distribution over collective-rotation noise channels

Cited by 7 publications

References 54 publications

Quantum technology for development framework as a tool for science diplomacy

Quantum technology for development framework as a tool for science diplomacy

Security of Bennett–Brassard 1984 Quantum-Key Distribution under a Collective-Rotation Noise Channel

Intercept-Resend Attack on SARG04 Protocol: An Extended Work

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