Intercharge distance of flexible zwitterionic molecules in solution

Alkylation of Carbonyl Compounds in Water: Formation of CC and CO Bonds in the Presence of Surfactants

“…Thus, the higher reactivity in the presence of cationic surfactants can be understood in view of the higher electrostatic affinity of the enolate for the cationic head‐groups of CTAX (cetyltrimethylammonium halide)9, 18, 19 and the consequently higher binding constants8 of the enolate with cationic than with zwitterionic [3‐(dimethyldodecylammonium)propansulfonate (SB3‐12)] micelles. Furthermore, the interfacial region of zwitterionic micelles is quite open20 and accessible to water, and thus favours the hydrolysis of the cyclohexyl halide.…”

The dependence of micellar rate effects upon reaction mechanism

“…The situation is similar in zwitterionic, sulfobetaine, micelles which are overall electrically neutral, but, because of the potential gradient in the interfacial region and dispersion forces, bind anions, especially polarizable ions with low charge densities [16,[48][49][50]. These, and other, zwitterionic micelles effectively accelerate decarboxylation in the micellar pseudophase and are similar to cationic micelles in their effects on reaction rates [7,51].…”

Sulfobetaine N‐Chloramines: Chemical Synthesis and Antibacterial Application

“…As a result, the biocidal activity declined consequently caused by the interaction between surfactant micelles and microbial cells . By means of 13 C NMR analysis, Chevalier and coworkers found that the measured intercharge distance in betaine structure is shorter than the real ‐(CH 2 ) n ‐ linker length (from ‐(CH 2 ) 2 ‐ to ‐(CH 2 ) 7 ‐), indicating the spacer linker coiling occurred which well corresponded with Tiecco's research work . However, Weers et al .…”