Interclinician and intraclinician variability in the mechanics of the pivot shift test for posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of the elbow

Intraoperative arthroscopic classification tool for posterolateral elbow instability

“…Several tests have been developed: the lateral pivot-shift and apprehension tests, the posterolateral rotatory drawer test, the chair, and push-up signs, and the tabletop relocation test. 2 , 7 , 10 , 12 , 14 …”

Assessment and decision making in the unstable elbow: management of simple dislocations

“…Lateral stability is tested with the pivot shift ( Fig. 10), 24 posterior drawer table top, chair (Fig. 11) and push-up tests.…”