Intercoat adhesion failure in a multilayer organic coating system: An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study

Hinder, Steven J.; Lowe, Christopher R.; Maxted, James; Perruchot, Christian; Watts, John F.

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2005.03.012

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Several layers of chemically different coatings are commercially applied to protect metallic structures. Adhesion between different layers of a coating system (and, hence its performance) is dependent upon the interfacial properties [17]. Similarly, the properties at the interface between the matrix and the extenders influence the macroscopic mechanical properties of an applied coating [6,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) for Characterizing Interfacial Interactions in Filled Polymers

Bashir

2021

Solids

117

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Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) provides reliable information about the viscoelastic behavior of neat and filled polymers. The properties of filled polymers are relevant to different industries as protective organic coatings, composites etc. Interfacial interactions in filled polymers play an important role in determining their bulk properties and performance during service life. In this brief review article, studies that used DMA to characterize the interfacial interactions in filled polymers have been reviewed. The available open literature provides a mixed opinion about the influence of interfacial interactions on the glass transition temperature of filled polymers. Nevertheless, it appears that in the case of strong interfacial interactions between the filler particles and the polymeric matrix, the peak value of tan δ is reduced in comparison to that of a filled polymer where these interactions are weak.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) for Characterizing Interfacial Interactions in Filled Polymers

Bashir

2021

Solids

117

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“…According to Hinder et al, [4] the higher the nitrogen concentration the better the adhesion of a coating with a top coat, so, the coating cured with TIC is expected to yield a worse adhesion than the coating cured with HMMM, if this hypothesis is correct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface characterization of polyester resins formulated with different cross‐linking agents

Marino

Lowe

Abel

et al. 2008

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Three thermally cured coatings, formulated on a low Tg isophthalic-based polyester, were investigated by XPS and ToF-SIMS. A model formulation was employed for all three coatings investigated; however, the cross-linking agents used were varied for each formulation. Hexamethoxymethyl melamine (HMMM), tris-isocyanurate (TIC), and a combination of HMMM and TIC were included as the cross-linking agents. The use of TIC alone required a tin-based catalyst to promote the curing reaction.The aim of this work was to investigate the difference in the surface compositions of the three coatings and the distribution of the different cross-linking agents used. This was in preparation for further studies which will involve interfacial analysis in order to elucidate the mechanism responsible for intercoat adhesion.The XPS analysis of the coating surfaces revealed a nitrogen concentration consistent with the concentration expected from the formulation for the coating containing HMMM. In the other two formulations a lower concentration than calculated was observed. The surface concentration of the two cross-linking agents was not influenced by the presence of the others; indeed, the formulation containing both cross-linking agents was, in terms of nitrogen concentration, merely a simple combination of the other two coatings. Peaks diagnostic of the cross-linking agents were observed in ToF-SIMS spectra acquired from the coating surfaces. By using XPS and ToF-SIMS analysis, we could determine that the HMMM and the TIC have a different distribution at the coating surface, that is not affected by the presence of the other.

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“…Others have described the role of substrate receptor group density on adhesion [6][7][8], lending a chemical underpinning to disbondment. While these findings offer an explanation for removal, they do not address the chemical processes which may occur within the coating during solvent exposure, thereby leading to apparent chemical degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical investigation of chemical paint removers. II: Role and mechanism of phenol in the removal of polyurethane coatings

Young

Clayton

Wynne

et al. 2015

Progress in Organic Coatings

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a b s t r a c tThermal and spectroscopic techniques have been used to study the interactions of phenol with model polyurethane coatings. Previous work has pointed to phenol as the principal source of polymer degradation in methylene chloride/phenol paint stripping mixtures. Thermal analysis demonstrates that the addition of phenol leads to severe depression in T g and outright coating failure. Exposure appears to cause chain scission, leading to significant weight loss during thermal analysis. XPS confirms the deposition of methylcellulose stabilizer at the surface, but also indicates breaches in the conformal coating which we attribute to polyurethane degradation. Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy confirm chemical modification of the polyurethane by phenol, leading to the proposed model of degradation by nucleophilic attack.

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Intercoat adhesion failure in a multilayer organic coating system: An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Use of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) for Characterizing Interfacial Interactions in Filled Polymers

Use of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) for Characterizing Interfacial Interactions in Filled Polymers

Surface characterization of polyester resins formulated with different cross‐linking agents

Physicochemical investigation of chemical paint removers. II: Role and mechanism of phenol in the removal of polyurethane coatings

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