Intercollegiate Female Coaches' Use of Verbally Aggressive Communication Toward African American Female Athletes

Situated impoliteness revisited: Blunt anti-epidemic slogans and conflicting comments during the coronavirus outbreak in China

“…However, evaluation of threats may vary in social groups. Ruggiero and Lattin (2008) have shown that verbal aggressiveness such as threats, insults, and name-calling in the cultural context of competitive sports training is positively evaluated, owing to its effectiveness in driving athletes to perform. Similarly, positive evaluation of the blunt slogans was largely derived from their effectiveness.…”

Sociocultural Competencies for Sport Coaches: A Proposal for Coaches and Coach Education

“… Overt or subtle racial and ethnic bias  Positional "stacking" based on racial and ethnic stereotypes about innate athletic ability  Sexism, gender stereotyping, sexual harassment and abuse  Homophobia and intolerance of alternative sexual identities  Intolerance and bias against certain religious beliefs  Ableism and stereotypes about people with disabilities Research has documented cases in which coach-athlete conflicts have occurred in connection with one or more of these actions by coaches. African American and ethnic minority athletes have reported perceived overt and subtle racial or ethnic discrimination primarily by white Euro-American coaches who are insensitive about or demean their cultural or racial background (e.g., Hodge, Burden, Robinson, & Bennett III, 2008;Lawrence, 2005;Massao & Fasting, 2010;Melendez, 2008;Ruggiero & Lattin, 2008). For example, Ruggiero and Lattin (2008) reported that African American female athletes were offended and discouraged when their intercollegiate coaches used stereotypes and verbally aggressive language with them.…”

Coach Verbal Aggression: A Case Study Examining Effects on Athlete Motivation and Perceptions of Coach Credibility

“…Athletes, in many ways, are like students or subordinates-they are placed in subordinate roles and expected to defer to authority. Like students and subordinates, athletes tend to react negatively toward verbal aggression from their coaches (Ruggiero & Lattin, 2008). Research suggests that athletes are more satisfied when coaches offer positive (Dwyer & Fischer, 1990) and rewarding feedback and social support (Weiss & Friedrichs, 1986).…”