Intercomparison of balloon-borne cryogenic whole air samplers during the MAP/GLOBUS 1983 campaign

Schmidt, Ulrich; Kulessa, G.; Klein, E.; Röth, E. P.; Fabian, P.; Borchers, R.

doi:10.1016/0032-0633(87)90131-0

Cited by 75 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The samplers from both groups consist of 15 electro-polished stainless steel tubes immersed into liquid neon at a temperature of 27 K, but differ especially in the intake design (Schmidt et al, 1987). The sampling tubes have an internal volume of about 0.5 dm 3 that is filled to pressures between ∼5 to 50 bar (at room temperature).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The isotopic composition of methane in the stratosphere: high-altitude balloon sample measurements

et al. 2011

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Abstract.The isotopic composition of stratospheric methane has been determined on a large suite of air samples from stratospheric balloon flights covering subtropical to polar latitudes and a time period of 16 yr. 154 samples were analyzed for δ 13 C and 119 samples for δD, increasing the previously published dataset for balloon borne samples by an order of magnitude, and more than doubling the total available stratospheric data (including aircraft samples) published to date. The samples also cover a large range in mixing ratio from tropospheric values near 1800 ppb down to only 250 ppb, and the strong isotope fractionation processes accordingly increase the isotopic composition up to δ 13 C = −14 ‰ and δD = +190 ‰, the largest enrichments observed for atmospheric CH 4 so far. When analyzing and comparing kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) derived from single balloon profiles, it is necessary to take into account the residence time in the stratosphere in combination with the observed mixing ratio and isotope trends in the troposphere, and the range of isotope values covered by the individual profile. The isotopic composition of CH 4 in the stratosphere is affected by both chemical and dynamical processes. This severely hampers interpretation of the data in terms of the relative fractions of the three important sink mechanisms (reaction with OH, O( 1 D) and Cl). It is shown that a formal sink partitioning using the measured data severely underestimates the fraction removed by OH, which is likely due to the insensitivity of the measurements to the kinetic fractionation in the lower stratosphere. Full quantitative interpretation of the CH 4 isotope data in terms of the three sink reactions requires a global model.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The isotopic composition of methane in the stratosphere: high-altitude balloon sample measurements

et al. 2011

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“…The cryosampler instrument is a balloon-borne cryogenic whole air sampler originally developed at Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany) in the early 1980s (Schmidt et al, 1987). The cryosampler used in this comparison is the BON-BON instrument.…”

Section: Cryosampler Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 (CCl₃F) and CFC-12 (CCl₂F₂) measurements: accuracy, precision and long-term stability

et al. 2016

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) and were used to validate MIPAS CFC-11 and CFC-12 products during that time, as well as profiles from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer, ILAS-II. In general, we find that MIPAS shows slightly higher values for CFC-11 at the lower end of the profiles (below ∼ 15 km) and in a comparison of HATS ground-based data and MIPAS measurements at 3 km below the tropopause. Differences range from approximately 10 to 50 pptv (∼ 5-20 %) during the RR period. In general, differences are slightly smaller for the FR period. An indication of a slight high bias at the lower end of the profile exists for CFC-12 as well, but this bias is far less pronounced than for CFC-11 and is not as obvious in the relative differences between MIPAS and any of the comparison instruments. Differences at the lower end of the profile (below ∼ 15 km) and in the comparison of HATS and MIPAS measurements taken at 3 km below the tropopause mainly stay within 10-50 pptv (corresponding to ∼ 2-10 % for CFCPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 3356 E. Eckert et al.: MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 and CFC-12: accuracy, precision and long-term stability 12) for the RR and the FR period. Between ∼ 15 and 30 km, most comparisons agree within 10-20 pptv (10-20 %), apart from ILAS-II, which shows large differences above ∼ 17 km. Overall, relative differences are usually smaller for CFC-12 than for CFC-11. For both species -CFC-11 and CFC-12 -we find that differences at the lower end of the profile tend to be larger at higher latitudes than in tropical and subtropical regions. In addition, MIPAS profiles have a maximum in their mixing ratio around the tropopause, which is most obvious in tropical mean profiles. Comparisons of the standard deviation in a quiescent atmosphere (polar summer) show that only the CFC-12 FR error budget can fully explain the observed variability, while for the other products (CFC-11 FR and RR and CFC-12 RR) only two-thirds to three-quarters can be explained. Investigations regarding the temporal stability show very small negative drifts in MIPAS CFC-11 measurements. These instrument drifts vary between ∼ 1 and 3 % decade −1 . For CFC-12, the drifts are also negative and close to zero up to ∼ 30 km. Above that altitude, larger drifts of up to ∼ 50 % decade −1 appear which are negative up to ∼ 35 km and positive, but of a similar magnitude, above.

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“…In May and early June 2008 our group participated in a balloon campaign in Teresina (Brazil), located in the tropics at 5.07 • S, 42.87 • W. The balloon carrying the whole air sampler BONBON-I (see Schmidt et al, 1987) was launched on 1 June 2008 by the French Space Agency CNES (Centre National d'Études Spatiales). We collected two samples in the TTL, at altitudes of 14.8 and 17.5 km.…”

Section: Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-lived brominated hydrocarbons – observations in the source regions and the tropical tropopause layer

et al. 2012

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Abstract. We conducted measurements of the five important short-lived organic bromine species in the marine boundary layer (MBL). Measurements were made in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes (Sylt Island, North Sea) in June 2009 and in the tropical Western Pacific during the TransBrom ship campaign in October 2009. For the one-week time series on Sylt Island, mean mixing ratios of CHBr 3 , CH 2 Br 2 , CHBr 2 Cl and CH 2 BrCl were 2.0, 1.1, 0.2, 0.1 ppt, respectively. We found maxima of 5.8 and 1.6 ppt for the two main components CHBr 3 and CH 2 Br 2 . Along the cruise track in the Western Pacific (between 41 • N and 13 • S) we measured mean mixing ratios of 0.9, 0.9, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.1 ppt for CHBr 3 , CH 2 Br 2 , CHBrCl 2 , CHBr 2 Cl and CH 2 BrCl. Air samples with coastal influence showed considerably higher mixing ratios than the samples with open ocean origin. Correlation analyses of the two data sets yielded strong linear relationships between the mixing ratios of four of the five species (except for CH 2 BrCl). Using a combined data set from the two campaigns and a comparison with the results from two former studies, rough estimates of the molar emission ratios between the correlated substances were: 9/1/0.35/0.35 for CHBr 3 /CH 2 Br 2 /CHBrCl 2 /CHBr 2 Cl. Additional measurements were made in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) above Teresina (Brazil, 5 • S) in June 2008, using balloon-borne cryogenic whole air sampling technique. Near the level of zero clear-sky net radiative heating (LZRH) at 14.8 km about 2.25 ppt organic bromine was bound to the five short-lived species, making up 13 % of total organic bromine (17.82 ppt). CH 2 Br 2 (1.45 ppt) and CHBr 3 (0.56 ppt) accounted for 90 % of the budget of short-lived compounds in that region. Near the tropopause (at 17.5 km) organic bromine from these substances was reduced to 1.35 ppt, with 1.07 and 0.12 ppt attributed to CH 2 Br 2 and CHBr 3 , respectively.

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Intercomparison of balloon-borne cryogenic whole air samplers during the MAP/GLOBUS 1983 campaign

Cited by 75 publications

References 11 publications

The isotopic composition of methane in the stratosphere: high-altitude balloon sample measurements

The isotopic composition of methane in the stratosphere: high-altitude balloon sample measurements

MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 (CCl₃F) and CFC-12 (CCl₂F₂) measurements: accuracy, precision and long-term stability

Short-lived brominated hydrocarbons – observations in the source regions and the tropical tropopause layer

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Intercomparison of balloon-borne cryogenic whole air samplers during the MAP/GLOBUS 1983 campaign

Cited by 75 publications

References 11 publications

The isotopic composition of methane in the stratosphere: high-altitude balloon sample measurements

The isotopic composition of methane in the stratosphere: high-altitude balloon sample measurements

MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2) measurements: accuracy, precision and long-term stability

Short-lived brominated hydrocarbons – observations in the source regions and the tropical tropopause layer

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MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 (CCl₃F) and CFC-12 (CCl₂F₂) measurements: accuracy, precision and long-term stability