Intercomparison of radiation measurements on STS-63

Evaluation of the neutron radiation environment inside the International Space Station based on the Bonner Ball Neutron Detector experiment

“…5, and that neutrons in this energy range make the dominant contribution to the neutron dose equivalent (Dudkin et al, 1996;Armstrong and Colborn, 2001;Lyagushin et al, 2001). Taking into consideration the differences between characteristics of detectors, data analysis methods, shielding environments, orbital altitudes, and solar activities, etc., the average neutron dose equivalent rate obtained in the BBND experiment is fairly consistent with the results obtained in the experiments previously conducted in 1990's onboard the MIR and the Space Shuttle flights at the same orbital inclination (Dudkin et al, 1996;Badhwar et al, 1997;Ing, 2001;Lyagushin et al, 2001). The highest neutron dose equivalent rate was measured in 1995, corresponding to the minimum period of solar-activity variation.…”

Mars Radiation Risk Assessment and Shielding Design for Long-Term Exposure to Ionizing Space Radiation

“…A great quantity of observational space environmental data from instrumented space platforms has been amassed in recent decades and used in developing computer models serving to define, as well as possible, the composition and temporal behavior of the space environment [12,13]. From the standpoint of radiation protection for humans in interplanetary space, the heavy ions (atomic nuclei with all electrons removed) of the GCR and the sporadic production of energetic protons from large SPEs must be dealt with.…”

“…In this way, the uncertainty is assigned to the evaluation of "dose equivalent" but is otherwise directly related to the appropriate dose limits. Monte Carlo methodology has been developed [13] for function M (L,κ) by comparing relative biological effectiveness to quality factor from available data for mouse tumors, cell transformation or mutations, or cytogenetic endpoints. Our stochastic quality factor M (L,κ), where κ is a stochastic variable denoting characteristics of the dose equivalent and other quantities and the confidence interval (CI) after 10,000 trials is demonstrated in reference 14, will be used in future risk assessments.…”

Exploring the Feasibility of Electrostatic Shielding for Spacecrafts

“…From the standpoint of radiation protection for humans in interplanetary space, the heavy ions (atomic nuclei with all electrons removed) of the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and the sporadic production of energetic protons from large solar particle events (SPE) must be dealt with. The GCR environmental model used herein is based on a current version in which ion spectra are modulated between solar maxima and minima according to terrestrial neutron monitor data assuming the radial dependent diffusion model of Badhwar et al [5], as described in reference [6]. The modeled spectra for Solar minimum in 1977 and Solar Maximum in 1990 as given by Badhwar are shown in figure 1 (left hand figure).…”