Intercondylar Eminences and Their Effect on the Maximum Length Measure of the Tibia*

Abstract

Maximum length measurement of the tibia has been found to be variable both in description and implementation. Historically, the literature often excludes the intercondylar eminences from the tibia in metric analysis. This paper explores the quantitative effects of inclusion or exclusion of the eminences on the maximum length measure across ancestral population, age and sex in five human adult populations of American Whites and Blacks, two Native American samples, and East Asians. A Tukey's post hoc comparison was employed to determine the overall effect of inclusion the intercondylar eminences has on metric assessment of the tibia. Results show no significant effect on comparative analysis of the tibia by age or sex. However, the difference between sample means by ancestry is significant (p < 0.0001). These results pose interesting questions concerning the morphological differences between ancestral groups. This investigation prompts further study of population variation of the human knee.

How should congenital absence of cruciate ligaments be treated? A case report and literature review

“…In most cases previously described in the literature, congenital absence of the cruciate ligaments is usually associated with musculoskeletal diseases, in particular incomplete or stunted development of the lower limbs such as the femur, tibial spine, tibia, fibula or sacrum, congenital meniscus malformations, and multiple organ syndromes such as thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome[3,12]. With regard to the congenital absence of a cruciate ligament usually being in combination with other congenital musculoskeletal diseases, the literature has noted that the main role of the intercondylar notch is to adapt to the cruciate ligament[1,13]. Therefore, in the absence of a ligament, formation of the intercondylar notch will be affected.…”

“…According to the authors’ conclusions, the differentiation of trauma and underdevelopment of one or two cruciate ligaments can be determined based on the difference in the gap width index and height, and changes in the lateral and/or medial spinous processes of the tibia. In short, X-rays show several signs of radiology such as dysplasia of the tibial eminence, dysplastic lateral femoral condyle, or narrow intercondylar fossa, suggesting the possibility of congenital absence of a cruciate ligament[1,13,22].…”

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