Interconnection Structures, Management and Routing Challenges in Cloud-Service Data Center Networks: A Survey

Abstract

Abstract-Today's data center networks employ expensive networking equipments in associated structures that were not designed to meet the increasing requirements of the current large-scale data center services. Limitations that vary between reliability, resource utilization, and high costs are challenging. The era of cloud computing represents a promise to enable large-scale data centers. Computing platforms of such cloud service data centers consist of large number of commodity low-price servers that, with a theme of virtualization on top, can meet the performance of the expensive high-level servers at only a fraction of the price. Recently, the research in data center networks started to evolve rapidly. This opened the path for addressing many of its design and management challenges, these like scalability, reliability, bandwidth capacities, virtual machines' migration, and cost. Bandwidth resource fragmentation limits the network agility, and leads to low utilization rates, not only for the bandwidth resources, but also for the servers that run the applications. With Traffic Engineering methods, managers of such networks can adapt for rapid changes in the network traffic among their servers, this can help to provide better resource utilization and lower costs. The market is going through exciting changes, and the need to run demanding-scale services drives the work toward cloud networks. These networks that are enabled by the notation of autonomic management, and the availability of commodity low-price network equipments. This work provides the readers with a survey that presents the management challenges, design and operational constraints of the cloud-service data center networks..

A port-based forwarding load-balancing scheduling approach for cloud datacenter networks

“…1. If two servers are connected to different pods, the shortest PAs are 6-hop and the total number of shortest paths is k 2 4 . For example, one of the shortest PAs from (0,0,0) to (1,1,1) is {0,2,3,1,1,1} in Fig.…”

“…The second element x and the third element y are variable and values range from k/2 to k-1 respectively. Therefore, the time and space complexities are both O k 2 .…”

“…A large number of DCNs have been deployed worldwidely with massive layered switches [1] and thousands of servers to interchange a great quantity of data. The DCN architectures (Leaf-Spine, Fat-tree, etc.,) with multi-tier switching layers need to provide the required network efficiency and flexibility to interconnect thousands of top of the racks (ToRs), each with tens-Tb/s aggregated traffic [2,3]. The DCNs have to scale In order to find an effective load balancing method suitable for cloud DCN to improve network utilization, we have studied the current theoretical and practical solutions in this field [9,10] and summarized the shortcomings of these solutions.…”

Virtual Network Embedding for Switch-Centric Data Center Networks

“…Data center networks (DCNs) are essential infrastructure for provisioning diverse Internet services and applications [33]. Software defined networks and network function virtualization technologies offer low implementation cost and optimize DCNs resource utilization and energy efficiency [8].…”

SDN enabled flexible optical data center network with dynamic bandwidth allocation based on photonic integrated wavelength selective switch

“…Therefore, to accommodate the tremendous increase in amounts of traffic, the next-generation DCNs are expected to evolve towards new switching technologies with high bandwidth and architectures to upturn the network performance. Benefitting from the data rate and format transparency, switching the data traffic in the optical domain with high bandwidth is gaining momentum as the potential solution for significantly scaling up DCNs [7,8,9]. The very large bandwidth offered by the optical switches also allow for flattening the network architecture then avoiding large latency caused by hierarchical electrical switching structures [10].…”