Interconnection Technologies for Flexible Electronics: Materials, Fabrications, and Applications

Baruah, Ratul Kumar; Yoo, Hocheon; Lee, Eun Kwang

doi:10.3390/mi14061131

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…An additional fitting parameter, ε 1 (∞), has been included in Equation ( 4). The dielectric function components ε 1 , ε 2 and layer thickness d were determined using the Spectra Ray 3 software; note that ε 1 + iε 2 = (n + ik) 2 . Surface images taken in situ using an optical microscope during the thermal annealing of the tested samples are shown also in Figure 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, functional organic materials and nanostructures have gained great importance, primarily in the production of electronics with advanced electrical and optical properties and flexibility [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Flexible electronic devices, like organic photovoltaic cells (OPV), organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), organic field-effect transistors (OFET) and integrated systems have a high importance for development of computer devices, applicable in such industries as medicine and automotive [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variable Temperature Spectroscopic Ellipsometry as a Tool for Insight into the Optical Order in the P3HT:PC70BM and PC70BM Layers

Hajduk,

Jarka,

Bednarski

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Two combined ellipsometric techniques—variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) and variable temperature ellipsometry spectroscopy (VTSE)—were used as tools to study the surface order and dielectric properties of thin films of a poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) mixture with a fullerene derivative (6,6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester) (PC70BM). Under the influence of annealing, a layer of the ordered PC70BM phase was formed on the surface of the blend films. The dielectric function of the ordered PC70BM was determined for the first time and used in the ellipsometric modeling of the physical properties of the P3HT:PC70BM blend films, such as their dielectric function and thickness. The applied ellipsometric optical model of the polymer–fullerene blend treats the components of the blend as a mixture of optically ordered and disordered phases, using the effective medium approximation for this purpose. The results obtained using the constructed model showed that a layer of the ordered PC70BM phase was formed on the surface of the layer of the polymer and fullerene mixture. Namely, as a result of thermal annealing, the thickness of the layer of the ordered fullerene phase increased, while the thickness of the underlying material layer decreased.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Temperature Spectroscopic Ellipsometry as a Tool for Insight into the Optical Order in the P3HT:PC70BM and PC70BM Layers

Hajduk,

Jarka,

Bednarski

et al. 2023

Polymers

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show abstract

“…In addition, the (In,Ga)N materials have the advantages of long lifetime and small size, − as well as the direct and tunable band gap . However, the general epitaxial substrates for growing (In,Ga)N materials are rigid, which means that they are quite difficult to be used for preparing flexible devices. , Furthermore, because of withstanding large mechanical deformation under bending conditions, the preparation processes for the flexible monolithic bifunctional device are easily damaged. In general, some conventional integrated devices are often realized by transceiver separation chips, which have some problems such as low efficiency, weak compactness and poor robustness .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Monolithic Bifunctional Device Based on a Lift-off (In,Ga)N Film for Both Lighting and Self-Driven Detection

Hou,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Although flexible monolithic bifunctional devices are significant for next-generation optoelectronic devices, it is quite challenging to realize them. In this work, a flexible monolithic device with both functions of emission and self-driven detection has been proposed and demonstrated successfully. By a quick electrochemical etching method, the device is created using a liftoff (In,Ga)N film detaching from the epitaxial silicon substrate. The Si removal is beneficial for releasing stress and reducing the internal polarization effects under bending conditions, keeping the electroluminescence peak wavelength quite stable. With good flexibility, the monolithic bifunctional device can maintain both stable detection and emission performance under bending conditions. Furthermore, two functions of detection and lighting of the flexible monolithic device can not only be realized separately but also simultaneously. This means that the flexible monolithic device can detect and emit light at the same time. With the advantages of miniaturization and multifunctionality, this work paves an effective way to develop new monolithic multifunctional devices for both self-driven detection and wearable intelligent display.

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“…A flexible electronic composite film consists of a composite material featuring a metal interconnect layer and a flexible substrate structure [6]. The metal interconnect layer, known for its high elastic modulus and mechanical strength, effectively absorbs most mechanical deformations in practical scenarios [7]. Extensive research conducted by multiple teams has led to the design of various wire structures for the metal interconnect layer-serpentine, linear, horseshoe, and wave, to name a few [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the 3D Deformation Behavior of Porous PDMS Flexible Electronic Composite Films Stretched under Different Temperatures

Chen,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2023

Materials

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Flexible electronic films need to be applied in different ambient temperatures. The porous substrate of the composite film enhances air permeability. The lifespan of these composite films is significantly affected by variations in temperature and substrate porosity. To explore the impact of temperature and porosity on the performance of composite films, we developed a 3D deformation detection system utilizing the advanced three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) method. This system enabled us to observe and analyze the 3D deformation behaviors of porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) flexible composite films when they are subjected to uniaxial stretching at different temperatures. We proposed employing two parameters, namely the strain fluctuation coefficient (M) and off-plane displacement (w), to characterize the 3D deformation of the films. This holistic characterization of deformation through the combined utilization of parameters M and w held greater significance for composite films compared to the conventional practice of solely measuring mechanical properties like the elastic modulus. Through experimental analysis, we discovered that as the temperature increased, the M value of the film decreased while the w value increased for the same stretching distance. Furthermore, the porosity of the composite film depended on the doping mass ratio of PDMS to deionized water during the fabrication process. Specifically, when the ratio was set at 6:1, the composite film exhibited the smallest M value and w value, and the highest air permeability. Additionally, the 3D deformation behavior remained stable across different temperatures for this specific ratio. Moreover, our findings unveiled a remarkable association between the parameter w and the resistance value of the device. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the fabrication process of porous PDMS flexible electronic composite films.

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Interconnection Technologies for Flexible Electronics: Materials, Fabrications, and Applications

Cited by 16 publications

References 115 publications

Variable Temperature Spectroscopic Ellipsometry as a Tool for Insight into the Optical Order in the P3HT:PC70BM and PC70BM Layers

Variable Temperature Spectroscopic Ellipsometry as a Tool for Insight into the Optical Order in the P3HT:PC70BM and PC70BM Layers

Flexible Monolithic Bifunctional Device Based on a Lift-off (In,Ga)N Film for Both Lighting and Self-Driven Detection

A Study on the 3D Deformation Behavior of Porous PDMS Flexible Electronic Composite Films Stretched under Different Temperatures

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