Intercropping in traditional farming systems

Jodha, N. S.

doi:10.1080/00220388008421770

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…First, greater crop yield and less weed growth may be achieved if intercrops are more effective than sole crops in usurping resources from weeds or suppressing weed growth through allelopathy. Alternatively, intercrops may provide yield advantages without suppressing weed growth below levels observed in component sole crops if intercrops use resources that are not exploitable by weed or convert resources to harvestable material more efficiently than sole crops (Jodha, 1979).…”

Section: Crop Rotation and Intercroppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable horticultural crop production through intercropping: The case of fruits and vegetable crops: A review

Ouma¹,

Jeruto²

2010

ABJNA

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Sustainable agriculture seeks to at least use nature as the model for designing agricultural systems. Since nature integrates her plants and animals into diverse landscape, a major tenet of sustainable agriculture is efficiency and lack of waste products in nature. When domestication of crops replaced hunting and gathering of food, landscape changed accordingly. By producing a limited selection of crop plants and animals, human kind has substantially reduced the level of biological diversity over much of the earth. There is more cooperation in nature than competition. Cooperation is exemplified by mutually beneficial relationships that occur between species within communities. If left undistributed and unplanted an abandoned crop field will first be colonized by just a few species of organisms but after several years a complex community made up of many wild species develops. Stability is reached by a community when it has reached a high level of diversity. Diverse communities have fewer fluctuations in numbers of a given species and are stable. The practices which promote diversity and stability on the farm are enterprise diversification, crop rotation, use of wind breaks, provision of more habitats for microorganisms, intercropping and integration of crop farming with livestock production. Intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops at the same time in the same field. Its advantages are risk minimization, increased income and food security, reduction of soil erosion and pest and disease control. This paper discusses the practice of intercropping in horticultural crop production to promote sustainability. Many crop systems are discussed.

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Section: Crop Rotation and Intercroppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable horticultural crop production through intercropping: The case of fruits and vegetable crops: A review

Ouma¹,

Jeruto²

2010

ABJNA

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“…Depending on the crops intercropped, competition for water, light and nutrients may result in lower yields. Lower weed biomass has been reported in intercropping systems where a main crop was inter-sown with a "smother" crop species ( Jodha, 1979). Greater crop yield and less weed growth can be obtained more frequently in intercrops than in sole crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…4). At 3 WAP, citrus/cucumber plot produced the lowest grass weed density (3.00 weeds m Jodha (1979) and George and Jeruto (2010).…”

Section: Grass Weed Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops at the same time in the same field. Its profits are risk minimization, increase in farmers' income and food security, reduction of soil erosion, pest and disease control (Bekunda, 1999;Bekunda and Woomer, 1996;Jodha, 1979;Owuor et al, 2002). Depending on the crops intercropped, competition for water, light and nutrients may result in lower yields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weed Biomass and Weed Species Diversity of Juvenile Citrus Trees Intercrop with some Arable Crops

Olorunmaiye

Afolayan

2012

Not Sci Biol

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A preliminary study was carried out to evaluate the performances of eight crops in the intercrop of citrus with arable crops at the National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) Ibadan, Nigeria. Eight arable crops: maize, cucumber, sweet potato, Corchorus olitorius, large green, grain amaranth, Mucuna pruriens var. utilis, and groundnut were intercropped with young citrus trees in the early planting season of 2010 with sole citrus as control. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design with three replicates. Data were collected on weed flora, weed density and weed dry weight. Results showed that the relative frequencies of weeds in all the plots were less than 4% at both 6 and 9 WAP. Gomphrena celosoides, Oldenlandia corymbosa and Tridax procumbens were most preponderant in appearing in all the plots. Tridax procumbens had a consistent relative frequency (2.34%) in all the plots except in citrus/ maize plot (0.78%) at 9 WAP. Significantly lower broadleaf weed densities were obtained in citrus/sweet potato, citrus/large green, control plot and citrus/cucumber (28.67, 45.00, 50.00 and 76.33 m -2 respectively) than in citrus/groundnut plot (143.00 m ) and citrus/groundnut plot (123.25 g m -2) followed the same trend at 6 WAP. Sedges dry weights were less than 7 g m -2 in all the plots compared with control plot.

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“…Jodha (1980) found that, in the semi-arid tropical regions of India, intercropping was generally practised to a greater extent on small farms than on large farms and was more prevalent in areas where soils have a lower moistureholding capacity and/or where rainfall is less assured. The implications of these findings are that intercropping research would have particular relevance to the less well-endowed farms and regions, resulting in considerable equity benefits.…”

Section: The Farming Systems Approach To Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency and Equity Considerations in the Design of Agricultural Technology in Developing Countries

Ryan

1984

Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics

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The green revolution in developing countries magnified concern about the efficient allocation of agricultural research resources and the distributional consequences of alternative research resource allocation and technology design strategies. These concerns are being increasingly reflected in the planning, management and research activities of the international agricultural research centres. In this paper a description is given of how economists at one centre contributed their expertise to the ex anfe analysis of some key issues in this complex milieu, such as the determination of research goals and priorities, the small-large farm dichotomy or nexus, income distribution and employment effects, human nutritional considerations and farmer risk attitudes.Agricultural research in developing countries has had a high payoff, both in terms of the return on the investments required, and in terms of equity. The 23 studies of agricultural research productivity in developing countries reviewed by Ruttan (1980) had an average annual rate of return on investment of 55 per cent. In the studies, research on food crops, fivestock and commercial crops such as cotton and rubber was covered. These high rates of return to agricultural research in developing countries suggest that the levels of research investment remain well below what they should be to exploit fully the opportunities for increased agricultural production and enhancement of economic development and human welfare.Economists have played a key role in assessing the impact of past investments in agricultural research, which is amply displayed in Ruttan's (1980) analysis and in Arndt, Dalrymple and Ruttan (1977). Their role in the ex ante analysis of research resource allocation strategies is growing and seems not yet to have reached its full potential.With the increasing trend toward inclusion of economists in agricultural research institutions and agricultural ministries in developing countries, their scope to contribute constructively to the design of technology options and policies is enhanced. However, ex ante evaluation is fraught with many uncertainties, not the least for economists. Considerable subjectivity and intuition is still required and, in these circumstances, use of formal planning models of the type described in Fishel (1 971) often only serve to cloud the decision-making environment with an air of certainty and objectivity which can be inappropriate (Arnon 1975, p. 51). Many of the techniques of project appraisal were designed for industry where costs and gains are generally private. In * I am grateful to Tom Walker, Don Winkelmann and the three Journal referees for constructive comments on an earlier draft. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of ACIAR.

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Intercropping in traditional farming systems

Cited by 39 publications

References 1 publication

Sustainable horticultural crop production through intercropping: The case of fruits and vegetable crops: A review

Sustainable horticultural crop production through intercropping: The case of fruits and vegetable crops: A review

Weed Biomass and Weed Species Diversity of Juvenile Citrus Trees Intercrop with some Arable Crops

Efficiency and Equity Considerations in the Design of Agricultural Technology in Developing Countries

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