Interdependence of Primary Metabolism and Xenobiotic Mitigation Characterizes the Proteome of Bjerkandera adusta during Wood Decomposition

Abstract

The aim of the current work was to identify key features of the fungal proteome involved in the active decay of beechwood blocks by the white rot fungus Bjerkandera adusta at 20°C and 24°C. A combination of protein and domain analyses ensured a high level of annotation, which revealed that while the variation in the proteins identified was high between replicates, there was a considerable degree of functional conservation between the two temperatures. Further analysis revealed differences in the pathways and processes employed by the fungus at the different temperatures, particularly in relation to nutrient acquisition and xenobiotic mitigation. Key features showing temperature-dependent variation in mechanisms for both lignocellulose decomposition and sugar utilization were found, alongside differences in the enzymes involved in mitigation against damage caused by toxic phenolic compounds and oxidative stress.IMPORTANCE This work was conducted using the wood decay fungus B. adusta, grown on solid wood blocks to closely mimic the natural environment, and gives greater insight into the proteome of an important environmental fungus during active decay. We show that a change in incubation temperature from 20°C to 24°C altered the protein profile. Proteomic studies in the field of white-rotting basidiomycetes have thus far been hampered by poor annotation of protein databases, with a large proportion of proteins simply with unknown function. This study was enhanced by extensive protein domain analysis, enabling a higher level of functional assignment and greater understanding of the proteome composition. This work revealed a strong interdependence of the primary process of nutrient acquisition and specialized metabolic processes for the detoxification of plant extractives and the phenolic breakdown products of lignocellulose.

Bjerkandera adusta M1 inhibits Fusarium oxysporum and prevents the wilt incidence in Brassica napus

“…Bjerkandera adusta, was a white rotting fungi growing on branch and fallen wood. Recent studies have focused on its enzymatic properties and application, such as laccase synthesis [21], lignocellulose decomposition [17], biodegradation of synthetic dyes [16,22] and the wastewater treatment [23]. In contrast, few reports have been done if B. adusta could control the fusarium wilt disease.…”

“…Bjerkandera adusta, a white rot fungus belonging to the family Polyporaceae, generally parasitizes on plant branch, fallen or dead trees [16,17]. At present, studies on Bjerkandera adusta primarily focus on the production of laccase, lignocellulose decomposition [18], and degradation of organic pollutants such as daunomycin and humic acids [19].…”

Oak extractive‐induced stress reveals the involvement of new enzymes in the early detoxification response of Phanerochaete chrysosporium

“…Indeed, a large scale analysis comparing 62 fungal genomes, revealed that 409 gene families appear to be evolutionarily correlated with white rot, including families related to both decay and detoxification processes (Nagy et al ., ). Accordingly, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches validated this co‐induction of decaying and detoxification genes and proteins at the functional level during the lignolytic process (Korripally et al ., ; Kameshwar and Qin, ; Miyauchi et al ., ; Moody et al ., ). To better understand the toxic effect of wood extractives, we have previously analysed global gene expression of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in presence of oak extractives for 24 h (Thuillier et al ., ).…”

Biodegradation of atrazine and ligninolytic enzyme production by basidiomycete strains 

“…Once lignin polyphenolic structure presents similarities with many aromatic pollutants, microbial ligninolytic systems have been extensively studied in the last years, searching for potential tools for bioremediation of contaminated sites and for a better understanding of the environmental fate of toxic compounds [5,6]. Recent proteomic approaches concluded that wood decay, itself, is a source of toxic phenolic derivatives and reactive oxygen species; thus, ligninolytic and stress response enzymes are expressed simultaneously [7]. White-rot fungi are the main producers of non-speci c oxidases that can act upon a wide range of substrates.…”