Introduction A variety of microorganisms can produce amphiphilic and surface-active compounds, called biosurfactants BSs , as structurally diverse molecules. BSs are classified as lipoprotein, phospholipid, glycolipid, and fatty acid surfactants based on their chemical structures and microbial origin, and sometimes have a wider range of properties than those of chemically synthesized surfactants 1 3. Among the BS classes, surfactin, which is the most common cyclic lipopeptide produced by the genus Bacillus 4, 5 , has received a lot of attention from industries due to its excellent interfacial properties and environmentally friendly characteristics 6, 7. Surfactin is considered to be one of the most powerful BSs thus far, because it can reduce the surface tension of an aqueous solution from 72 to 27 mN/m at concentrations in the order of 10 5 M 4. In addition, surfactin is known to act as an ionophore, so alkali metal ions can be trapped in the cyclic peptide of surfactin 8 10. Specific interaction between surfactin and cesium ion Cs has been shown, and highly efficient removal of Cs from water has been demonstrated 11. The high cost associated with low productivity has greatly limited the commercial application of surfactin. Therefore, research on enhancing the yield of surfactin, including screening and construction of improved or engineered strains for surfactin biosynthesis, has been performed 5 .