Interest of neuroimaging of social exclusion in suicide

Olié, Émilie; Courtet, Philippe

doi:10.1002/jnr.24314

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Studies over the last 20 years have increasingly showed a relation between emotional pain and physical pain ( 107–109 ). Work by Olie et al has specifically examined the increasing relevance of social exclusion to affective pain and suicide and further discussed the association between neuroimaging findings of social exclusion and suicide risk ( 110 ). They found that while the normal response to the affective pain of social exclusion increases activity in the anterior insula, ACC, and inferior OFC in normal controls, suicidal individuals show a decreased activation in these same regions, even compared with non-suicidal patients with a mood disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging alterations of the suicidal brain and its relevance to practice: an updated review of MRI studies

Dobbertin¹,

Blair²,

Carollo³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States. Historically, scientific inquiry has focused on psychological theory. However, more recent studies have started to shed light on complex biosignatures using MRI techniques, including task-based and resting-state functional MRI, brain morphometry, and diffusion tensor imaging. Here, we review recent research across these modalities, with a focus on participants with depression and Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior (STB). A PubMed search identified 149 articles specific to our population of study, and this was further refined to rule out more diffuse pathologies such as psychotic disorders and organic brain injury and illness. This left 69 articles which are reviewed in the current study. The collated articles reviewed point to a complex impairment showing atypical functional activation in areas associated with perception of reward, social/affective stimuli, top-down control, and reward-based learning. This is broadly supported by the atypical morphometric and diffusion-weighted alterations and, most significantly, in the network-based resting-state functional connectivity data that extrapolates network functions from well validated psychological paradigms using functional MRI analysis. We see an emerging picture of cognitive dysfunction evident in task-based and resting state fMRI and network neuroscience studies, likely preceded by structural changes best demonstrated in morphometric and diffusion-weighted studies. We propose a clinically-oriented chronology of the diathesis-stress model of suicide and link other areas of research that may be useful to the practicing clinician, while helping to advance the translational study of the neurobiology of suicide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging alterations of the suicidal brain and its relevance to practice: an updated review of MRI studies

Dobbertin¹,

Blair²,

Carollo³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Of note, although loneliness was a robust risk factor for suicide attempts, a latent factor of social connectedness, which included measures of social network size, attachment style, and perceived social support, did not emerge as significant predictors in the current investigation. One explanation for this finding could be that loneliness is associated with painful emotions (e.g., sadness, jealousy; Olié & Courtet, 2020), whereas the social connectedness measures reflect more disparate aspects of social support that are less reflective of perceived quality of social relationships and perceptions of social isolation and belongingness. Taken together, these findings suggest that loneliness may potentially have greater prognostic utility in predicting suicide attempts than previously conceptualized and thus warrants additional attention in future research, particularly in light of recent research from the COVID‐19 pandemic, which has demonstrated increasing rates of loneliness (Groarke et al, 2020; Hill et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for suicide attempts among U.S. military veterans: A 7‐year population‐based, longitudinal cohort study

Nichter

Stein

Monteith

et al. 2021

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Background: Population-based data on risk factors for suicide attempts among veterans remains limited. Methods:A national probability sample of 2307 veterans was followed over the course of four timepoints spanning seven years to examine how a range of baseline risk factors predict incident suicide attempt. Suicide attempt data were aggregated into a single follow-up timepoint.Results: Sixty-two veterans (3.1%) reported attempting suicide during the 7-year period. The strongest risk factors for suicide attempts were higher baseline levels of loneliness, lower baseline levels of adaptive psychosocial traits (e.g., dispositional gratitude), baseline thoughts of self-harm, and greater post-baseline trauma exposures (12.3%-41.3% of explained variance). Veterans with multiple co-occurring risk factors were at greatest risk for attempts; of veterans with 0, 1, 2, 3, and all 4 of these factors, the predicted probability of suicide attempt was 2.0%, 5.3%, 13.5%, 30.4%, and 55.0%, respectively. Conclusions:Baseline loneliness, dispositional gratitude, thoughts of self-harm, and new-onset traumas emerged as the strongest risk factors for suicide attempts among veterans, underscoring the potential importance of targeting these factors in prevention efforts. Veterans with multiple co-occurring risk factors have

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“…Certain aspects of the neurobiological evidence for loneliness causing dementia remain unclear, and the research differs in its results in this context [7]. Loneliness affects different regions of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions [46,[65][66][67][68][69][71][72][73][74][75][76]. Loneliness may affect the activation of orbitofrontal and prefrontal cortex leading to overactivation of HPA and, ultimately, atrophy of hippocampus-one of the most important structures in the development of dementia and AD [7,46,[65][66][67][68][69][70].…”

Section: Sociocognitive Skills and Neurobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between Dementia and Loneliness

Karska,

Pszczołowska,

Gładka

et al. 2023

IJMS

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This review describes associations between dementia and loneliness on the neurobiological and epidemiological levels according to the recent body of literature. The aim of this study was to highlight major lines of research in this field. Sociocognitive skills and social interactions present complex interdependencies with dementia which may be explained by two theories. According to the first one, not sufficiently engaging in social or cognitive activities results in brain atrophy. The second one claims that brain neurogenesis and synaptic density are being increased by social connections. The relationship between loneliness and dementia could be mediated by sensory loss, including hearing and visual impairment, as well as depression and psychotic symptoms. Loneliness itself might cause a depletion in sensory and cognitive stimulation which results in a decrease in neural reserve. Certain changes in the structures of the brain caused by loneliness were found in imaging examination. Loneliness appears to be a crucial risk factor for dementia in recent times due to the modern lifestyle and consequences of the outbreak of COVID-19. Additional studies are required to understand more completely the key tenets of this topic and therefore to improve the prevention and treatment of dementia.

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Interest of neuroimaging of social exclusion in suicide

Cited by 9 publications

References 59 publications

Neuroimaging alterations of the suicidal brain and its relevance to practice: an updated review of MRI studies

Neuroimaging alterations of the suicidal brain and its relevance to practice: an updated review of MRI studies

Risk factors for suicide attempts among U.S. military veterans: A 7‐year population‐based, longitudinal cohort study

Correlations between Dementia and Loneliness

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