Interest of SAAG in Etiological Diagnosis of Ascites in African Black

Abstract

Purpose: To show the interest of the serum-ascites concentration gradient in albumin (SAAG) in the etiological diagnosis of ascites in African black. Materiel and Methods: This was a monocentric observational and analytical study performed on patients over 15 years old and hospitalized in the Hepato-Gastroenterology department of Cocody from January 1st, 2010 to March 31st, 2017 for ascites. The cytology and chemistry of the ascites fluid and the protidogram were performed. The main outcome measure was the prediction of portal hypertension (PHT) or non-portal hypertension related causes of ascites from SAAG. Results: The hospital prevalence of ascites was 11%. There were 82 women (46.9%) and 93 men (53.1%) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.1. SAAG was low in 68.6% of cases and high in 31.4% of cases. The most common etiologies were post-viral cirrhosis (74%), HCC (16.60%) and peritoneal tuberculosis (13.7%) respectively. In the case of high SAAG, 91% of ascites related to PHT were observed, but also 77.5% of a low SAAG corresponded to ascites related to PHT (p = 0.024) with Se = 35% Sp = 84% and accuracy = 44%. All patients with peritoneal tuberculosis had a SAAG low of less than 1.1 g/dl significantly (p = 0.002). SAAG had a diagnostic performance of 89% in peritoneal tuberculosis at the cutoff value of −1.24 g/dl (AUROC = 0.91, Se = 96%, Sp = 86%) while in post viral hepatitis cirrhosis at a threshold of 0.58 g/dl the diagnostic performance was 60% (AUROC = 0.69, Se = 53%, Sp = 79%). Conclusion: The simple technical SAAG, allowing to distinguish the ascites linked to the PHT and the ascites not bound to the PHT, can be used like a method of diagnosis of the etiologies of the ascites especially in the peritoneal tuberculosis in the African countries low income.

Specificity and Sensitivity of Ascitic Fluid Total Protein (AFTP) and Serum Ascitic Albumin Gradient (SAAG) in Diagnosis Etiology of Ascites

“…Contrarily, SAAG was reported by Baptiste et al (2018) and Cervantes Pérez et al (2020) to have poor diagnostic performance (44% and 57%) with low sensitivity (35% and 66%) but high specificity (84% and 86%), respectively [9,15]. They also came to the conclusion that AFTP's diagnostic accuracy (73%), when it comes to distinguishing between PHT and non-PHT ascites, is better than SAAG's (57%).…”

“…Although drinking alcohol was the most frequent culprit in LC (85%), HBV infection came in second [12,14]. According to Baptiste's research, post-viral cirrhosis (74%), followed by HCC (16.60%) and peritoneal TB (13.7%), accounted for the majority of etiologies [9]. Alcoholic cirrhosis and HCC predominated in Europe's etiologies [17].…”

Causes Of Ascites And Its Correlation With Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient In Patients Admitted At Medical Wards In A Tertiary Hospital In Ghana.

“…Previous studies from sub-Saharan Africa countries described the prevalence of ascites in internal medicine departments to be between 3.6 to 10.8%. [3][4][5] Ascites causes significant discomfort for patients, particularly those with severe ascites due to difficulty in mobility and in carrying out activities of daily living, as well as social stigma associated with the condition. Successful treatment depends on accurate diagnosis of its cause, which may broadly be classified into PH and NPH causes.…”