“…1,2 Among the novel clean energy technologies, rechargeable metal–air batteries 3–5 and water electrolysis, 6–8 which involve the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), have attracted an amount of attention because of their superior simplicity, reliability and non-polluting properties. 9–13 However, the slow kinetics and high overpotential greatly confine the OER, leading to considerable loss of energy during the reaction. 14–17 Currently, iridium (Ir) and ruthenium (Ru) based materials serve as efficient commercial electrocatalysts to accelerate the OER, yet the scarcity of noble metals limits their widespread application.…”