Interface morphology and thermoplasticization behavior of bamboo fibers benzylated with benzyl chloride

Abstract

In this study, benzylated bamboo flour (BBF) was synthesized using benzyl chloride under mild conditions. This material can be added to medium density polyethylene (MDPE) as a reinforcing filler material. The crystal structure and properties of the BBF and corresponding BBF/MDPE panels were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, mechanical tests and surface hydrophobicity measurements, and the obtained results are in good agreement. According to the scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction investigations, the crystal structure of the bamboo material disappeared after the addition of benzyl chloride. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis provided further evidence for the successful benzylation. The intensity of the bands attributed to the O—H stretching or deformation vibrations decreased, and the intensity of the bands attributed to the C = O and C—O bonds in the benzyl group increased, which was confirmed by the X‐ray spectroscopy analysis. The volume fraction of the dispersed phase increased dramatically, and the interfacial fusion between the BBF particles and the MDPE matrix improved. The tensile strength and flexural strength of the prepared BBF/MDPE panels were up to 24.21% and 26.73% higher, respectively, compared with panels fabricated from unmodified bamboo flour. Furthermore, the surface hydrophobicity was found to be higher, which confirmed the good interface fusion. The strengthening mechanism is discussed in this paper, and the overall results suggest that BBF is a promising candidate material for the substitution of traditional wood fibers and unmodified bamboo flour in wood plastic composites. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Preparation and characterization of eucalyptus wood flour/polypropylene composites by subcritical ethanol and 3‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane as cosolvent

“…At that point, the esterification not only takes place on the surface of cellulose, but also in the interior of cellulose. This may be ascribed to a part of amorphous region of cellulose immerged into PP-g-MA and KH550, which also may strengthen the interfacial reaction [32,33]. Figure 3 shows FTIR spectra of wood flour/PP composites: 1-I 0 ; 2-I 1 ; 3-I 2 ; 4-I 3 .…”

“…The intensity of the sample I 3 (curve 4) is weakened at 1060 cm 21 . It is demonstrated that KH550 dissolves in the ethanol with high reactivity when ethanol is at subcritical state, which promotes the interfacial reaction to generate C@O bond or SiAOAC bond [32,33]. In Fig.…”

Bamboo Flour/Petg Composites: Compatibilizing Effect of Poly(methyl Methacrylate) Grafted Onto Bamboo Flour

“…So far, a wide variety of surface modification techniques based on physical or chemical means have been developed by the industry and academia. [2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Among these methods, the main one is to add coupling agents or compatibilizers into the polymer matrix. For polyolefin composites, the most often used compatibilizers are maleic anhydride-grafted PE or PP.…”