Interface problems in aluminium matrix composites reinforced with coated carbon fibres

Leonhardt, G.; Kieselstein, E.; Podlesak, H.; Than, Eberhard; Hofmann, Andreas

doi:10.1016/0921-5093(91)90554-z

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The reaction at the carbon-aluminum interface at temperatures above 500°C to form aluminum carbide (Al 4 C 3 ) has long been considered to affect critically the strength of C/Al composites. Improper wetting and chemical reactions at the interface during synthesis or under service conditions can degrade the mechanical properties of the composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of carbon fiber/Al interface on mechanical properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced aluminum-matrix composites

Chao

2004

Metall Mater Trans A

111

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Carbon-fiber (CF)-reinforced aluminum-matrix composites were prepared by spreading fibers and squeeze casting. The interface structure of CF/Al composites was examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Aluminum carbide (Al 4 C 3 ) interfacial reaction products were observed to nucleate heterogeneously from carbon fibers and to grow toward the aluminum matrix in the form of lath-like crystals after heat treatment. The growth of aluminum carbide was anisotropic, since it was faster along the a-and b-axes of the basal plane than along the c-axis. Both the tensile strength and the elongation of composites decline with an increased duration of heat treatment. The results of ESCA revealed that approximately 1 pct of carbide enhanced interface bonding. However, increasing the content of brittle carbides to over 3 pct after heat treatment degraded the mechanical properties of composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of carbon fiber/Al interface on mechanical properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced aluminum-matrix composites

Chao

2004

Metall Mater Trans A

111

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“…The TiB2 deposition uses TiCl 4 and BCl 3 gases, which are reduced by Zn vapor. To alleviate this problem, a layer of pyrolytic carbon is deposited between the fiber and the ceramic layer [259]. During composite fabrication, the TiB2 coating is displaced and dissolved in the matrix, while an oxide ('Y-Al2 0 3 for a pure aluminum matrix, MgAl2 0 4 spinel for a 6061 aluminum matrix) is formed between the fiber and the matrix.…”

Section: S3 Wetting Of Reinforcement By Molten Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science of composite materials

Chung

2003

Engineering Materials and Processes

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Composite materials are those containing more than one phase such that the different phases are artificially blended together. They are not multiphase materials in which the different phases are formed naturally by reactions, phase transformations or other phenomena.A composite material typically consists of one or more fillers (fibrous or particulate) in a certain matrix. A carbon fiber composite is one in which at least one of the fJ.llers is composed of carbon fibers, either short or continuous, unidirectional or multidirectional, woven or non-woven. The matrix is usually a polymer, a metal, a carbon, a ceramic or a combination of different materials. Except for sandwich composites, the matrix is three-dimensionally continuous, whereas the fJ.ller can be three-dimensionally discontinuous or continuous. Carbon fiber fJ.llers are usually three-dimensionally discontinuous, unless the fibers are three-dimensionally interconnected by weaving or by the use of a binder such as carbon.The high strength and modulus of carbon fibers make them useful as a reinforcement for polymers, metals, carbons and ceramics, even though they are brittle. Effective reinforcement requires good bonding between the fibers and the matrix, especially for short fibers. For an ideally unidirectional composite (i.e., one containing continuous fibers all in the same direction) containing fibers of much higher modulus than that of the matrix, the longitudinal tensile strength is quite independent of the fiber-matrix bonding, but the transverse tensile strength and the flexural strength (for bending in longitudinal or transverse directions) increase with increasing fiber-matrix bonding. On the other hand, excessive fiber-matrix bonding can cause a composite with a brittle matrix (e.g., carbon and ceramics) to become more brittle, as the strong fiber-matrix bonding causes cracks to propagate in a straight line in a direction perpendicular to the fiber-matrix interface, without being deflected to propagate along this interface. In the case of a composite with a ductile matrix (e.g., metals and polymers), a crack initiating in the brittle fiber tends to be blunted when it reaches the ductile matrix, even when the fiber-matrix bonding is strong. Therefore, an optimum degree of fiber-matrix bonding (i.e., not too strong and not too weak) is needed for brittle-matrix composites, whereas a high degree of fiber-matrix bonding is preferred for ductile-matrix composites.The mechanisms of fiber-matrix bonding include chemical bonding, interdiffusion, van der Waals bonding and mechanical interlocking. Chemical

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“…The successfully regressed equations, which were significant at the 99% level, were as follows: % reflectance = −11.50͓I ͑001͒ րI ͑100͒ ͔ + 34.77 (15) % reflectance = −40.17͓I ͑001͒ րI ͑101͒ ͔ + 35.96 (16) Equations (15) and (16) had R 2 values of 0.466 and 0.472, respectively. Using linear regression, correlations were identified between reflectance and, as before, the I (001) :I (100) and I (001) :I (101) ratios, but not for the I (100) :I (101) ratio.…”

Section: (9) Orientation Vs Reflectancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using linear regression, correlations were identified between reflectance and, as before, the I (001) :I (100) and I (001) :I (101) ratios, but not for the I (100) :I (101) ratio. The successfully regressed equations, which were significant at the 99% level, were as follows: % reflectance = −11.50͓I ͑001͒ րI ͑100͒ ͔ + 34.77 (15) % reflectance = −40.17͓I ͑001͒ րI ͑101͒ ͔ + 35.96 (16) Equations (15) and (16) had R 2 values of 0.466 and 0.472, respectively. Reflectivity increased as the extent of the preferred crystallographic orientation decreased.…”

Section: (9) Orientation Vs Reflectancementioning

confidence: 99%

Process‐Structure‐Reflectance Correlations for TiB₂ Films Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Beckloff

Lackey

1999

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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The process‐structure‐reflectance interrelationships for TiB2 films prepared by CVD were determined using statistically designed experiments. A hot wall CVD reactor employing graphite substrates and the TiCl4+ BCl3+ H2 reagent system were used at pressures of 2.7 and 6.7 kPa. Single‐phase polycrystalline TiB2 films were obtained. An increasing percentage of the grains were oriented with their (001) planes parallel to the substrate as the deposition temperature was increased and as the BCl3:TiCl4 ratio decreased. Grain size increased from ∼0.5 to 3 µm as the deposition temperature was increased from 900° to 1100°C and as the coating rate was decreased from 0.6 to 0.1 µm/min. Fine‐grained, smooth, highly reflective films were obtained at low deposition temperatures and high BCl3:TiCl4 ratios.

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Interface problems in aluminium matrix composites reinforced with coated carbon fibres

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of carbon fiber/Al interface on mechanical properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced aluminum-matrix composites

Effects of carbon fiber/Al interface on mechanical properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced aluminum-matrix composites

Science of composite materials

Process‐Structure‐Reflectance Correlations for TiB₂ Films Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition

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Interface problems in aluminium matrix composites reinforced with coated carbon fibres

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of carbon fiber/Al interface on mechanical properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced aluminum-matrix composites

Effects of carbon fiber/Al interface on mechanical properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced aluminum-matrix composites

Science of composite materials

Process‐Structure‐Reflectance Correlations for TiB2 Films Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition

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Product

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Process‐Structure‐Reflectance Correlations for TiB₂ Films Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition