Fracture mechanics is a continuum mechanics tool for the description of the behavior of cracks in materials and components. The text concentrates on the fundamental understanding of the various parameters that are applied to characterize the crack driving force and the fracture resistance and outlines their physical meanings and their limitations. Then a few important topics are presented, such as the influence of geometry and size on the crack growth resistance, the conditions for unstable crack growth, and the prediction of the crack path. The final focus is the behavior of cracks in inhomogeneous materials, such as composites. Especially interesting here is the understanding, how spatial material property variations influence the crack driving force, since this opens the door for materials and components design, that is, to optimize materials by intentional variations of the material properties so that the fracture resistance increases.