Interfacial damage on fatigue‐loaded textile–rubber composites

Abstract

To reach admissible lifetime expectancy, unidirectional textile–rubber composites must show a strong interface. Usually, it is achieved by coating the textile with Resorcinol–Formaldehyde–Latex (RFL). To evaluate fatigue impact on interfacial properties, composites with or without RFL are tested at different numbers of loading cycles and characterized through peel tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐rays, and nanoindentation. For composites with RFL, the results indicate two main mechanisms for damaging: propagation of pre‐existing fibrillar microcracks at the rubber/RFL interface completed by adhesive debondings at the RFL/textile interface. At first, the propagation of fibrillar microcracks is correlated with decrease of global composite peeling resistance and contribution of interphase to DMA damping. Then, RFL/textile debondings become critical. They are highlighted with a change of peeling failure surface and could be explained by RFL hardening, highlighted by nanoindentation. This questions the choice for RFL as a sustainable adhesive for composites under fatigue loading. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41346.

Structure and adhesive properties of the RFL‐coated continuous basalt fiber cord/rubber interface

“…The structure and properties of the RFL layer can significantly affect the adhesion between the CBF cord and the rubber in both the static and dynamic modes due to both the thickness of this layer and the chemical bond . In this study, to determine the thermomechanical properties as well as the effects of the RFL formulas on the structure of the RFL layer, the RFL films were separately prepared and analyzed with a DMA.…”

“…However, no standard exists for investigating the dynamic adhesive properties despite their importance in determining the service life of the cord/rubber interface. The fatigue test has been employed in some studies to estimate the dynamic adhesive properties of organic and steel cord‐rubber systems because rubber products typically experience periodic extension and compression forces . Furthermore, Jamshidi AND Taromi investigated the relationships between the interfacial fatigue property and the static adhesion of the PET‐RFL‐rubber system for a series of temperatures, and a linear equation was proposed to estimate the durability of the system from H‐adhesion results.…”

Factors influencing resorcinol–formaldehyde–latex‐coated continuous basalt fiber cord/rubber interfacial fatigue behavior: Loading direction and RFL formula

“…The MTS Elastomer Test System and De Mattia Rubber Flexometer were used by Shi and coworkers to investigate the fatigue failure of polyester cord/rubber and steel cord/rubber interfaces, respectively. Valantin et al . studied the interfacial damage of fatigue‐loaded textile–rubber composites on industrial test rigs in conditions similar to those of the actual application.…”

Effects of heat and moisture on characteristics, tensile properties of RFL‐coated rayon cords, and their adhesion with NR/SBR matrix

“…Dipping with RFL can effectively improve the static adhesion, that is, the initial adhesive strength between the cords and the rubber matrix, as well as reduce the interfacial damage rate during fatigue by creating a flexible transition interlayer . In recent years, the dynamic adhesion between the cord and the rubber matrix, which reflects the service life of the interface under a certain specified dynamic condition, has attracted much attention, and the fatigue test was normally employed to evaluating the dynamic adhesion of cord/rubber systems because the rubber products typically experience periodic extension and compression forces . Liu et al .…”