Aiming to endow the efficient fire safety to epoxy resin (EP), magnesium hydroxide micro‐whiskers (mw‐MH) as super‐reinforcement were incorporated into EP. The thermal kinetics of EP/mw‐MH micro‐composites were investigated. The limited oxygen index (LOI) of EP with the incorporation of mw‐MH reached up to 33.7% greatly improved comparing to 26.3% of pristine EP. The cone calorimeter test (CCT) showed the heat release rate (HRR), smoke production rate (SPR) of the EP/3mw‐MH with the addition of 3 wt% mw‐MH obviously reduced, as evidenced by the reduction of peak of HRR and SPR for the micro‐composites to 58% and 48%, respectively. Moreover, improvements were also observed in total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) of EP/3mw‐MH, which were decreased by 29% and 34% at 300 s. Compared with common used industrial magnesium hydroxide (ind‐MH), EP/mw‐MH micro‐composites possessed excellent fire safety performance at the same loading, which was attributed to the jammed network structure. Furthermore, the Young's modulus and tensile strength of EP/mw‐MH micro‐composites maintained. Finally, further investigation was proposed to explain the flame retardant mechanism, which involved the jammed network structures at internal and compact protective char. The magnesium hydroxide with one‐dimensional structure offered an effective method to improve the fire retardancy of polymers.