Interfacial Fe(III)-hydroxide formation during Fe–Pt alloy deposition

Leistner, K.; Schaaf, Peter; Voß, Andrea; Fähler, S.; Schultz, L.; Schlörb, H.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2008.01.010

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This presents further challenges with respect to iron hydroxide precipitation, necessitating strong iron complexation. We show that a combination of citrate and glycine provides sufficient complexation and pH buffering to drastically reduce hydroxide precipitation (citrate alone has been found to be insufficient in this respect ). A similar combination of additives has also been used to successfully deposit Co-rich Co−Pt alloys , .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Electrodeposition of Fe−Pt Films with Low Oxide Content Using an Alkaline Complexing Electrolyte

Liang

Mallett

Zangari

2010

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Electrochemical deposition of equiatomic Fe-Pt from complexing electrolytes provides precise tuning of alloy stoichiometry, enables close control of the growth process, and results in limited oxygen incorporation. The films grow epitaxially on oriented substrates and the low oxygen content favors transformation from the as-deposited cubic to the high anisotropy L1(0) phase and magnetic hardening upon thermal annealing at temperatures (400-450 degrees C) much lower than previously achieved by other plating processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Electrodeposition of Fe−Pt Films with Low Oxide Content Using an Alkaline Complexing Electrolyte

Liang

Mallett

Zangari

2010

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…3a͒, at variance with the behavior reported for slightly acidic chloride based electrolytes. 11,16 EQCM data for the background solution containing 100 mM Fe 3+ are displayed in Fig. 5.…”

Section: D152mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,14 The dependence of alloy composition on potential was described by an underpotential codeposition ͑UPCD͒ model, 11,15 whereby the less noble metal was codeposited in the alloy at a potential more positive than that required for the reduction of the pure metal onto itself. In these electrolytes, Fe codeposition was observed to occur under diffusion limiting conditions for Pt reduction, 11,16 which potentially favors morphological instabilities and the formation of dendritic or porous films. The large amount of oxygen incorporated in the films has been ascribed to the strong hydrogen evolution during deposi-tion, which causes a local pH increase at the interface and thus favors hydrolysis and precipitation of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ oxides or hydroxides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Underpotential Codeposition of Fe–Pt Alloys from an Alkaline Complexing Electrolyte: Electrochemical Studies

Liang

Mallett

Zangari

2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The availability of electrochemical growth processes for Fe-Pt alloys may facilitate their integration within microfabrication manufacturing lines and enable novel functionalities in microsystems. In this paper, the electrodeposition of Fe-Pt from slightly alkaline solutions containing citrate, glycine, and amino-nitrite complexes is studied by means of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance ͑EQCM͒ and analytical/structural investigations. Pt is reduced from its amino-nitrite complex while Fe is reduced from Fe 3+ citrate/glycinate complexes through a two-step process. At variance with similar films grown from acidic solutions, the electrolyte is stable over months and the resulting films are smooth, dense, and homogeneous. Most importantly, oxygen incorporation is limited to 1-6 atom %. Significant carbon incorporation from decomposition of the complexants and kinetic trapping during growth is observed. The dependence of alloy composition on applied potential can be explained by assuming underpotential codeposition of iron from a Fe 2+ intermediate; the experimentally determined alloy composition dependence on applied potential was in agreement with an estimate of the redox potential for the Fe 2+ /Fe reaction obtained by EQCM and the reported enthalpy of mixing of the bulk Fe-Pt phase at high temperature.

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“…Recently a lot of attention has been also paid to electrochemical deposition of other alloys containing platinum group metals i.e. Fe-Pd [14][15][16], Co-Rh [17], Co-Pd [18][19][20][21], Co-Pt [9], Fe-Pt [22,23], Ni-Pt [24,25], Pt-Co-Ni [26]. Electrodeposition of pure Ru as well as Ru containing alloys is quite complex process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%