“…In the area of structures and materials, wave propagation-based tools have found increasing applications, especially in structural health monitoring and active control of vibrations and noise (Achenbach, 1973). Regarding the analysis of traveling plane waves across structures consisting of piezoelectric and FGM elements, there are several studies in the literature (Abad and Rouzegar, 2019; Berezovski et al, 2003; Chaudhary et al, 2017, 2018, 2019; Eskandari and Shodja, 2008; Nirwal et al, 2019; Qian et al, 2008; Sahu et al, 2018; Saroj et al, 2019; Singh et al, 2018; Singhal and Sahu, 2017; Singhal et al, 2018a, 2018b, 2019a, 2019b). As notable examples, Singhal et al (2018a, 2018b) used Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) and Liouville-Green (LG) analytical approaches to study surface waves in piezoelectric composite structures.…”