Interfacial Polymerization: From Chemistry to Functional Materials

Liquids are traditionally handled and stored in solid vessels. Solid walls are not functional, adaptive, or self‐repairing, and are difficult to remove and re‐form. Liquid walls can overcome these limitations, but cannot form free‐standing 3D walls. Herein, a liquid analogue of a well, termed a “liquid well” is introduced. Water tethered to a surface with hydrophobic–hydrophilic core–shell patterns forms stable liquid walls capable of containing another immiscible fluid, similar to fluid confinement by solid walls. Liquid wells with different liquids, volumes, and shapes are prepared and investigated by confocal and Raman microscopy. The confinement of various low‐surface‐tension liquids (LSTLs) on surfaces by liquid wells can compete with or be complementary to existing confinement strategies using perfluorinated surfaces, for example, in terms of the shape and height of the confined LSTLs. Liquid wells show unique properties arising from their liquid aggregate state: they are self‐healing, dynamic, and functional, that is, not restricted to a passive confining role. Water walls can be easily removed and re‐formed, making them interesting as sacrificial templates. This is demonstrated in a process termed water‐templated polymerization (WTP). Numerical phase‐field model simulations are performed to scrutinize the conditions required for the formation of stable liquid wells.

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“…This method could further be interesting for many types of interfacial polymerizations. [ 43 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Wells as Self‐Healing, Functional Analogues to Solid Vessels

et al. 2021

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“…[ 42 ] Conventionally available approaches for the surface modification include stacking, dip/spin coating, electroplating, layer‐by‐layer assembly, hydrolysis, plasma treatment, electron beam irradiation, graft polymerization, and interfacial polymerization. [ 43 ] Among surface modification techniques for the separation membrane, coating is the simplest and most flexible technique.…”

Section: Fabrication Methodologies and Application Of Protein‐based Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Protein‐Based Separation Membranes: State of the Art and Future Trends

Yang

2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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As an important part of organisms, proteins are of various types, and their functions and properties are different according to their structures. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop new uses of various proteins and their derivatives, increase the reuse value of protein‐based biomass materials, and build a resource‐saving and environment‐friendly society. Protein‐based separation membranes can be used as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional petroleum‐based separation membrane materials. The separation membrane must have several beneficial properties, such as short transfer path lengths, low transfer resistances, high permeance, and selectivity. In recent years, various forms of protein‐based membranes with nanometer‐scale thickness and unique membrane structures are introduced to enable ultrafast and efficient separation. The rapid development of protein‐based membranes has provided new avenues toward high flux separation membranes construction. In spite of their advantages and potential, there are major issues regarding the protein‐based membrane that are not systematically addressed in the literature. Herein, the representative potential applications of protein‐based materials in membrane material science are concluded, providing emerging technologies and scrutinizing research and development challenges for membrane materials in this field. Finally, some important issues and perspectives for fundamental study and applications are briefly discussed.

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“…[1][2][3] This interfacial polymerization, owing to its remarkable efficiency and robustness,has evolved as apowerful platform for synthesizing functional polymers as diverse as nanofibers, capsules,a nd especially ultra-thin polymer films that have been applied as separation membranes in energy-efficient water desalination, organic solvent purification, and gas separation. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Generally,t he conventional interfacial polymerization is acondensation reaction between amine and acyl chloride that are,respectively dissolved in water and alkane to construct polyamide nanofilms. [2,3] However, most organic compounds including amines are difficult to be dissolved in water, especially those aromatic amines with complex topologies.T herefore,i ts ignificantly impedes the interfacial synthesis of polymeric nanofilms for task-specific separation membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Polymerization at the Alkane/Ionic Liquid Interface

et al. 2021

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Polymerization at the liquid–liquid interface has attracted much attention for synthesizing ultrathin polymer films for molecular sieving. However, it remains a major challenge to conduct this process outside the alkane–water interface since it not only suffers water‐caused side reactions but also is limited to water‐soluble monomers. Here, we report the interfacial polymerization at the alkane/ionic liquid interface (IP@AILI) where the ionic liquid acts as the universal solvent for diversified amines to synthesize task‐specific polyamide nanofilms. We propose that IP@AILI occurs when acyl chloride diffuses from the alkane into the ionic liquid instead of being triggered by the diffusion of amines as in the conventional alkane–water system, which is demonstrated by thermodynamic partitioning and kinetic monitoring. The prepared polyamide nanofilms with precisely adjustable pore sizes display unprecedented permeability and selectivity in various separation processes.

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Interfacial Polymerization: From Chemistry to Functional Materials

Cited by 282 publications

References 259 publications

Liquid Wells as Self‐Healing, Functional Analogues to Solid Vessels

Liquid Wells as Self‐Healing, Functional Analogues to Solid Vessels

Protein‐Based Separation Membranes: State of the Art and Future Trends

Interfacial Polymerization at the Alkane/Ionic Liquid Interface

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