Interfacial Regulation of ZIF-67 on Bacteria to Generate Bifunctional Sensing Material on Chip for Qualifying Cell-Released Reactive Oxygen Species

Abstract

Cell’s activities are highly dependent on signal molecules, of which reactive oxygen species of the superoxide anion (O2 •–) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are important ones that always work together to regulate biological processes such as apoptosis and oxidative stress. It is of significance to realize simultaneous qualification of O2 •– and H2O2 but it still faces challenges particularly in live-cell assay with a complex environment. We report the design of a bifunctional sensing material by interfacially regulating ZIF-67 on bacteria Shewanella putrefaciens to generate cobalt nanoparticles/nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanorods (Co/N-doped CNRs) and its sensing chip for qualifying cell-released O2 •– and H2O2. Co/N-doped CNRs exhibit unique properties including porous structure for significantly increased reaction surface area and coordinating Co nanoparticles for rich active sites. The bifunctional Co/N-doped CNRs is used to fabricate the electrochemical sensing chip, which achieves a fast response time (0.5 s for O2 •–, 1.9 s for H2O2), a low detection limit (0.69 nM for O2 •–, 2.25 μM for H2O2), and a remarkably high sensitivity (792.30 μA·μM–1·cm–2 for O2 •–, 153.91 μA·mM–1·cm–2 for H2O2), among the best of reported bifunctional nanozymes.

Signal Amplification Strategy Design in Nanozyme‐Based Biosensors for Highly Sensitive Detection of Trace Biomarkers

“…D) Schematic diagram illustrating the application of a sensing platform based on Co/N‐doped CNRs/SPE in livecell detection. [ 197 ] E) Specificity and stability of the Co/N‐doped CNR‐based sensor for O 2 .− (C) and H 2 O 2 . Reproduced with permission.…”

“…Shi et al [ 197 ] reported the utilization of bifunctional Co NPs/nitrogen‐doped porous carbon nanorods (Co/N‐doped CNRs) nanozymes to fabricate electrochemical sensing chips for detecting O 2 .− and H 2 O 2 release from cells. The carbonization of Co/N‐doped CNRs at 900 °C resulted in the formation of nanostructures with the most extensive specific surface area and a significantly abundant micro‐ and mesoporous structure.…”

Quantification of Neuronal Cell-Released Hydrogen Peroxide Using 3D Mesoporous Copper-Enriched Prussian Blue Microcubes Nanozymes: A Colorimetric Approach in Real Time and Anticancer Effect

“…In recent years, several methods have emerged for detecting H 2 O 2 , including fluorescence, , surface plasmon resonance (SPR), chemiluminescence, , electrochemical approaches, , and positron emission tomography . However, these conventional techniques often suffer from drawbacks, such as high costs, lack of portability, complexity, and time-consuming procedures .…”

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unstable, chemically reactive, partially reduced oxygen derivatives produced as byproducts of normal metabolism, relying on molecules such as the superoxide radical (O 2 •– ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), and hydroxyl radical ( • HO), and play a significant role in various processes, including the regulation of mitochondrial redox metabolism and the facilitation of immune responses to cytokine invasion, exogenous organisms, and bacteria . Among these species, a relatively stable and less reactive member of H 2 O 2 stands out as a pivotal member of ROS yet continues to play a vital role in various processes, including hypoxic signal transduction, cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis .…”

“…•− ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), and hydroxyl radical ( • HO), and play a significant role in various processes, including the regulation of mitochondrial redox metabolism and the facilitation of immune responses to cytokine invasion, exogenous organisms, and bacteria. 1 Among these species, a relatively stable and less reactive member of H 2 O 2 stands out as a pivotal member of ROS yet continues to play a vital role in various processes, including hypoxic signal transduction, cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. 2 However, the impact of H 2 O 2 varies based on its localization, intracellular concentration, and exposure time.…”