1993
DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(93)80028-d
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Interfacial rheological studies of extra-heavy crude oils and asphaltenes: Role of the dispersion effect of resins in the adsorption of asphaltenes at the interface of water-in-crude oil emulsions

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Cited by 79 publications
(54 citation statements)
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“…When mixing water and crude oil, a water in oil emulsion most often is created because the surface active amphiphilic molecules in the crude are mostly oil soluble due to their low polarity (depending on pH for fatty acids) and molecular weight [24]. As the viscosity of an emulsion is always larger than the viscosity of the continuous phase, it is obvious that for transporting highly viscous heavy oil it is necessary to make an emulsion with water as the continuous phase [25][26][27].…”
Section: Application To Heavy Oil Transportationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…When mixing water and crude oil, a water in oil emulsion most often is created because the surface active amphiphilic molecules in the crude are mostly oil soluble due to their low polarity (depending on pH for fatty acids) and molecular weight [24]. As the viscosity of an emulsion is always larger than the viscosity of the continuous phase, it is obvious that for transporting highly viscous heavy oil it is necessary to make an emulsion with water as the continuous phase [25][26][27].…”
Section: Application To Heavy Oil Transportationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is not clear if the particles were asphaltenes, wax, or another substance, or if the particles were present before the sample was frozen for the micrograph. However, rheological studies also indicate that water-crude oil interfaces contain particles (14,15). These methods do not indicate whether the particles are colloids, micelles, or precipitated solids.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Note that a rigid interface has high elasticity (high surface energy provides a strong driving force to restore deformation). Elastic asphaltene films have been observed and their visco-elastic properties quantified using the Langmuir film balance technique [6][7][8], shear viscometry [9][10][11][12], and recently oscillatory drop shape analysis [13][14][15][16][17].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%