Interfacial Self-Assembly of Fungal Hydrophobins of the Lichen-Forming Ascomycetes Xanthoria parietina and X. ectaneoides

Scherrer, Sandra; Vries, O.; Dudler, Robert; Wessels, J. G. H.; Honegger, Rosmarie

doi:10.1006/fgbi.2000.1205

Cited by 59 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The role of hydrophobins in several mutualistic symbioses has been reported previously (Honegger, 1991;Tagu et al, 1996;Scherrer et al, 2000). Recently, a hydrophobin gene, TasHyd1, was detected during cucumber root colonization by T. asperellum.…”

Section: Sm1 Is Expressed In Maize Roots During Interaction With T Vmentioning

confidence: 74%

A Proteinaceous Elicitor Sm1 from the Beneficial FungusTrichoderma virensIs Required for Induced Systemic Resistance in Maize

et al. 2007

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We have previously shown that the beneficial filamentous fungus Trichoderma virens secretes the highly effective hydrophobinlike elicitor Sm1 that induces systemic disease resistance in the dicot cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). In this study we tested whether colonization of roots by T. virens can induce systemic protection against a foliar pathogen in the monocot maize (Zea mays), and we further demonstrated the importance of Sm1 during maize-fungal interactions using a functional genomics approach. Maize seedlings were inoculated with T. virens Gv29-8 wild type and transformants in which SM1 was disrupted or constitutively overexpressed in a hydroponic system or in soil-grown maize seedlings challenged with the pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola. We show that similar to dicot plants, colonization of maize roots by T. virens induces systemic protection of the leaves inoculated with C. graminicola. This protection was associated with notable induction of jasmonic acidand green leaf volatile-biosynthetic genes. Neither deletion nor overexpression of SM1 affected normal growth or development of T. virens, conidial germination, production of gliotoxin, hyphal coiling, hydrophobicity, or the ability to colonize maize roots. Plant bioassays showed that maize grown with SM1-deletion strains exhibited the same levels of systemic protection as nonTrichoderma-treated plants. Moreover, deletion and overexpression of SM1 resulted in significantly reduced and enhanced levels of disease protection, respectively, compared to the wild type. These data together indicate that T. virens is able to effectively activate systemic disease protection in maize and that the functional Sm1 elicitor is required for this activity.

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Section: Sm1 Is Expressed In Maize Roots During Interaction With T Vmentioning

confidence: 74%

A Proteinaceous Elicitor Sm1 from the Beneficial FungusTrichoderma virensIs Required for Induced Systemic Resistance in Maize

et al. 2007

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“…These rodlet layers are similar in appearance to those occurring on surface structures in non-lichen-forming fungi which were later shown to be formed by the self-assembly of proteins called hydrophobins (Wessels et al, 1991;Wö sten et al, 1994a). Indeed, a hydrophobin has recently been characterized from the lichen-forming ascomycetes Xanthoria ectaneoides and X. parietina and was shown to form in vitro rodlets similar to those observed in X. parietina (Scherrer et al, 2000).…”

confidence: 95%

“…Many lichen-forming ascomycetes produce insoluble secondary metabolite compounds that crystallize on hyphal and algal cell walls and enhance surface hydrophobicity (review: Honegger, 1991). Also, in the algal layer cell walls of certain mycobiont hyphae and sometimes also of the photobiont were shown to have a proteinaceous surface layer that appears as a mosaic of rodlets (Honegger, 1982;Scherrer et al, 2000;reviews: Honegger, 1991reviews: Honegger, , 1997. These rodlet layers are similar in appearance to those occurring on surface structures in non-lichen-forming fungi which were later shown to be formed by the self-assembly of proteins called hydrophobins (Wessels et al, 1991;Wö sten et al, 1994a).…”

confidence: 96%

Hydrophobins DGH1, DGH2, and DGH3 in the Lichen-Forming Basidiomycete Dictyonema glabratum

Trembley

Ringli

Honegger

2002

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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“…They mediate escape of hyphae from a hydrophilic environment (41) and are involved in the formation of hydrophobic aerial structures such as aerial hyphae (4,23,28,36,38), spores (2,3,10,21,22), and fruiting bodies (5, 13). Moreover, they provide gas channels in fruiting bodies and lichens with a hydrophobic layer, which probably provides for more efficient gas exchange under wet conditions (14,16,27,29,31). Hydrophobins are also involved in the attachment of hyphae to hydrophobic surfaces (27, 37) and in the sensing thereof (22), which are important initial steps of pathogenic interactions before penetration and infection of the host can occur.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modifications Created by Using Engineered Hydrophobins

Scholtmeijer

Janssen

Gerssen

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Hydrophobins are small (ca. 100 amino acids) secreted fungal proteins that are characterized by the presence of eight conserved cysteine residues and by a typical hydropathy pattern. Class I hydrophobins self-assemble at hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces into highly insoluble amphipathic membranes, thereby changing the nature of surfaces. Hydrophobic surfaces become hydrophilic, while hydrophilic surfaces become hydrophobic. To see whether surface properties of assembled hydrophobins can be changed, 25 N-terminal residues of the mature SC3 hydrophobin were deleted (TrSC3). In addition, the cell-binding domain of fibronectin (RGD) was fused to the N terminus of mature SC3 (RGD-SC3) and TrSC3 (RGD-TrSC3). Self-assembly and surface activity were not affected by these modifications. However, physiochemical properties at the hydrophilic side of the assembled hydrophobin did change. This was demonstrated by a change in wettability and by enhanced growth of fibroblasts on Teflon-coated with RGD-SC3, TrSC3, or RGD-TrSC3 compared to bare Teflon or Teflon coated with SC3. Thus, engineered hydrophobins can be used to functionalize surfaces.Hydrophobins are moderately hydrophobic proteins secreted by fungi. They are characterized by the presence of eight cysteine residues in conserved spacing and by similar hydropathy patterns (30,32,34). Hydrophobins fulfill a broad spectrum of functions. They mediate escape of hyphae from a hydrophilic environment (41) and are involved in the formation of hydrophobic aerial structures such as aerial hyphae (4,23,28,36,38), spores (2,3,10,21,22), and fruiting bodies (5, 13). Moreover, they provide gas channels in fruiting bodies and lichens with a hydrophobic layer, which probably provides for more efficient gas exchange under wet conditions (14,16,27,29,31). Hydrophobins are also involved in the attachment of hyphae to hydrophobic surfaces (27, 37) and in the sensing thereof (22), which are important initial steps of pathogenic interactions before penetration and infection of the host can occur.The basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune contains at least four class I hydrophobin genes: SC1, SC3, SC4, and SC6 (6,11,17,33). SC3 is the best-characterized class I hydrophobin. It is involved in the formation of aerial hyphae (28,36,38,41) and in the attachment of hyphae to hydrophobic surfaces (37). Upon contact with hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces SC3 monomers self-assemble into a highly insoluble amphipathic membrane (36,37,40). This is accompanied with an increase in ␤-sheet structure at the water-air interface and by increase in ␣-helical structure at the water-hydrophobic solid interface (6). The latter form is an intermediate to the form with increased ␤-sheet structure (35). Upon self-assembly of SC3 at the waterair interface the water surface tension is reduced to as low as 24 mJ m Ϫ2 , which makes assembled SC3 one of the most powerful biosurfactants known to date (26,41). When a hydrophobic solid is incubated in an aqueous hydrophobin solution, an amphipathic membrane of the protein...

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Interfacial Self-Assembly of Fungal Hydrophobins of the Lichen-Forming Ascomycetes Xanthoria parietina and X. ectaneoides

Cited by 59 publications

References 44 publications

A Proteinaceous Elicitor Sm1 from the Beneficial FungusTrichoderma virensIs Required for Induced Systemic Resistance in Maize

A Proteinaceous Elicitor Sm1 from the Beneficial FungusTrichoderma virensIs Required for Induced Systemic Resistance in Maize

Hydrophobins DGH1, DGH2, and DGH3 in the Lichen-Forming Basidiomycete Dictyonema glabratum

Surface Modifications Created by Using Engineered Hydrophobins

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