Interfacial Tension ofn-Pentane/Bitumen andn-Heptane/Bitumen Mixtures atT= 298.15–413.15 K andP= 3.45 MPa

Abstract

We report new interfacial tension (IFT) data of n-pentane/bitumen and n-heptane/bitumen mixtures at T = 298.15–413.15 K, P = 3.45 MPa, and four concentrations of the n-pentane and n-heptane (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt %). The new IFT data show that the dynamics of IFT is much faster at higher temperatures. The results also revealed that in contrast to pure n-alkanes where IFT decreases linearly with temperature the equilibrium IFT values of n-C5/bitumen and n-C7/bitumen mixtures are nonmonotonic and follow a nonlinear behavior. Both n-pentane/bitumen and n-heptane/bitumen mixtures reveal the partitioning of surfactants at the oil/water interface at higher solvent concentrations. In addition, the IFT reduction is more evident by solvent addition at lower temperatures, whereas at higher temperatures, the concentration of solvent does not affect the IFT significantly due to the weakening effect of hydrogen bonding. These results improve our understanding of the bitumen/solvent interfacial tension behavior and find application in the design and optimization of solvent-aided thermal recovery processes and oil/water/solvent separation and treatment.

Efficiency of Urea Solutions in Enhanced Oil Recovery

“…Two concentrations of urea solutions (10 and 15 wt %) were prepared to measure the interfacial tension (IFT) with bitumen at 100 °C and 500 psig (3.45 MPa) using a pendant drop tensiometer as shown in Figure . The tensiometer has a high-pressure, high-temperature isolated cell with a volume of 600 cm 3 .…”

“…Two concentrations of urea solutions (10 and 15 wt %) were prepared to measure the interfacial tension (IFT) with bitumen at 100 °C and 500 psig (3.45 MPa) using a pendant drop tensiometer as shown in Figure 6. 37 The tensiometer has a high-pressure, high-temperature isolated cell with a volume of 600 cm 3 . A Quizix pump was utilized to inject a small droplet of bitumen from a standard needle into the isolated cell, which was prefilled with urea solution.…”

Measurements and Correlations of Thermophysical Properties for Multicomponent Solvent/Live Bitumen Mixtures

“…Hence, Khalifi et al 22 reported experimental data of the molecular diffusion coefficient and solubility of DME in bitumen at T = (323.15−383.15 K) and P = (0.69−2.76 MPa). Mohammadi et al 23 also reported experimental measurements of interfacial tension of npentane/bitumen and n-heptane/bitumen mixtures at T = (298.15−413.15 K) and P = 3.45 MPa, with applications to bitumen recovery.…”

Synthesis and Interfacial Properties of Novel Benzimidazolium Based Gemini Surfactants and Their Binding with Crocin

“…Zhang et al has reported the interfacial tension of n -heptane + H 2 O + 12-3-12 gemini surfactants with values ranging from 41.97 to 5.73 (γ/10 –3 Nm –1 ) at different concentrations . Mohammadi et al have reported the interfacial tension of n -Heptane + Bitumen with a value of 36.47 (mN/m) . The HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance) estimates the extent to which a surfactant is hydrophilic or lipophilic in nature.…”

“…7 Mohammadi et al have reported the interfacial tension of n-Heptane + Bitumen with a value of 36.47 (mN/m). 8 The HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance) estimates the extent to which a surfactant is hydrophilic or lipophilic in nature. HLB gives a well-organized way of selecting the appropriate surfactant for a particular application as suggested by Griffin.…”